Informações sobre o curso: What is philosophy? How does it differ from science, religion, and other modes of human discourse? This course traces the origins of philosophy in the Western tradition in the thinkers of Ancient Greece. We begin with the Presocratic natural philosophers who were active in Ionia in the 6th century BCE and are also credited with being the first scientists. Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximines made bold proposals about the ultimate constituents of reality, while Heraclitus insisted that there is an underlying order to the changing world. Parmenides of Elea formulated a powerful objection to all these proposals, while later Greek theorists (such as Anaxagoras and the atomist Democritus) attempted to answer that objection. In fifth-century Athens, Socrates insisted on the importance of the fundamental ethical question—“How shall I live?”—and his pupil, Plato, and Plato’s pupil, Aristotle, developed elaborate philosophical systems to explain the nature of reality, knowledge, and human happiness. After the death of Aristotle, in the Hellenistic period, Epicureans and Stoics developed and transformed that earlier tradition. We will study the major doctrines of all these thinkers. Part I will cover Plato and his predecessors. Part II will cover Aristotle and his successors.
Desenvolvido por: Universidade da Pensilvânia
Ministrado por: Susan Sauvé Meyer, Professor
Department of Philosophy
| Compromisso | 5 weeks of study, 1-3 hours/week |
| Idioma | English |
| Como ser aprovado | Seja aprovado em todas as tarefas para concluir o curso. |
| Classificação do usuário |
Programa
SEMANA 1
Aristotle’s Categories
Aristotle’s anti-Platonic metaphysics: the ultimate realities are ordinary objects of our experience, like people and animals. Each of these is a substances, the most fundamental type of being.
6 vídeos, 1 leitura
- Lecture: Aristotle's Categories
- Vídeo: Introduction to Ancient Philosophy
- Vídeo: Introduction to Aristotle
- Vídeo: Subjects and Predicates
- Vídeo: Universals and Particulars
- Vídeo: Substance and Subject
- Vídeo: Subjects of Change
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Aristotle's Categories
Nota atribuída: Subjects and Predicates
Nota atribuída: Substances & Subjects
SEMANA 2
Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
Natural substances have matter and form, and natural processes are goal-directed. Every living thing, plants and animals included, has a soul that moves it.
6 vídeos, 2 leituras
- Lecture: Aristotle's Physics
- Vídeo: Matter, Form, and Change
- Vídeo: Nature
- Vídeo: Is Form or Matter Nature?
- Vídeo: The Four Causes
- Vídeo: Natural Teleology
- Lecture: Aristotle's On the Soul
- Vídeo: Soul As Cause
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
Nota atribuída: Change & Nature
Nota atribuída: Causes in Nature
Nota atribuída: Aristotelian Souls
SEMANA 3
Aristotle's Ethics
The motion of the universe is eternal and its cause is an eternal unmoved mover, Aristotle’s god. Our goal in life is to achieve happiness, which comes in two varieties: the human happiness we achieve by exercising the virtues of character, and the godlike happiness we achieve when we grasp eternal truths.
9 vídeos, 2 leituras
- Lecture: Aristotle's Metaphysics
- Vídeo: The Eternity of Motion
- Vídeo: The First Mover of the Cosmos
- Vídeo: The Unmoved Mover
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Questions: Unmoved Mover
- Lecture: Aristotle's Ethics
- Vídeo: The Goal of Life
- Vídeo: What Are You Doing With Your Life?
- Vídeo: Happiness and Living Well
- Vídeo: Pleasure and the Human Function
- Vídeo: Virtue of Character
- Vídeo: Godlike Virtue
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Aristotle's Ethics
Nota atribuída: The Unmoved Mover
Nota atribuída: Aristotle's Ethics
SEMANA 4
Epicureanism
Epicureans return to the atomism of Democritus, and find no purpose in nature. Philosophy is a therapeutic practice that removes fear and anxiety and provides us with the tranquility (ataraxia) of the gods.
8 vídeos, 4 leituras
- Lecture: The Letter to Menoeceus
- Lecture: The Letter of Epicurus to Herodotus
- Lecture: On the nature of the gods
- Lecture: Principal Doctrines
- Vídeo: Introduction to Epicurus
- Vídeo: Nature and the Gods
- Vídeo: Therapeutic Philosophy
- Vídeo: Death Is Nothing To Us
- Vídeo: What's Wrong With Death?
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Gods and Death
- Vídeo: Ataraxia
- Vídeo: Restricting Desire
- Vídeo: Enduring Pain
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Pleasure and Pain
Nota atribuída: Gods and Death
Nota atribuída: Pleasure and Pain
SEMANA 5
Stoicism
A providential god is at work in every detail of the cosmos, where everything happens by fate. Our goal in life is to accommodate ourselves to this divine nature by giving up our concern for (but not our pursuit of) worldly objectives.
9 vídeos, 4 leituras
- Lecture: The Enchiridion
- Lecture: On the nature of the gods
- Lecture: De Fato (On Fate)
- Lecture: De Finibus (On Ends)
- Vídeo: Introduction to Stoicism
- Vídeo: God in Nature
- Vídeo: Following Nature
- Vídeo: A Good Flow of Life
- Vídeo: The Goal vs. The Target
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Stoic Natural Philosophy and Ethics
- Vídeo: The Lazy Argument
- Vídeo: What Is Up To Us
- Vídeo: Stoic Compatibilism
- Demande de discussion: Discussion Question: Fate and Human Action
- Vídeo: Conclusion
Nota atribuída: Stoic Natural Philosophy and Ethics
Nota atribuída: Fate and Human Action
Nota atribuída: Aristotle and His Successors Final Project
Perguntas frequentes
Como funciona
Travail en cours
Chaque cours fonctionne comme un manuel interactif en proposant des vidéos préenregistrées, des quiz et des projets.
Aide de la part de vos pairs
Connectez-vous à des milliers d'autres étudiants et débattez sur des idées, discutez le contenu du cours et obtenez de l'aide pour en maîtriser les concepts.
Certificats
Obtenez une reconnaissance officielle pour votre travail et partagez votre réussite avec vos amis, vos collègues et vos employeurs.
Desenvolvedores
Universidade da Pensilvânia
The University of Pennsylvania (commonly referred to as Penn) is a private university, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. A member of the Ivy League, Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and considers itself to be the first university in the United States with both undergraduate and graduate studies.
Classificações e avaliações
Amazing content. I enjoyed and lernt a lot.
Philosophy is the way to understand the world by using rational structures of mind. Taking it into account, it's really important to have deep understanding of philosophical concepts and theories. The course really helps you to grasp the understanding of such kind. The lecturer explains genius ideas of ancient greek philosophers in a clear logically sequential way using excellent language. Definitely recommend!
Very well-prepared and informative course. I've really enjoyed reading and listening to the lectures. Thank you!
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Really good overview. Information is presented in a very clearly and concisely. The pace is good, and the topics are all very interesting.
The only things I didn't like had to do with format issues: I did not find the periodic "quizzes" that interrupt the videos to be helpful. They were more frustrating than anything since they broke up the flow of the videos and didn't add anything to my understanding of the topics. And while the intro sequences to each video are high-quality, it's unnecessary to have 25 seconds dedicated to the into for *each* and *every* video. This was repetitive and frustrating, especially since the volume on the intro sequences was much louder than the rest of the video, meaning I had to either manually skip the into or adjust the volume each time. These are technical details, so I don't want them to reflect poorly on the content of the course, which is excellent. It's more a suggestion to re-edit the course videos at some point.