科学的目的：拯救现象 vs. 揭示真理

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哲学导论（中文版）

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The University of Edinburgh

哲学导论（中文版）

166 classificações

本课程将为你介绍现代哲学中的一些研究领域。在每个模块中，将由不同的哲学家为你讲述其专业领域内最重要的疑问和问题。首先，我们来了解什么是哲学，哲学有哪些独特的目标与方法以及哲学与其他学科有何不同？之后，我们会在课程剩余的时间内向你简要介绍各种哲学领域的总体情况。你要学习的主题包括：知识论，其中将讨论囊括我们对世界和我们自身的了解以及如何获取这些知识；科学哲学，我们将在此模块中调查科学研究和实践中的基础概念问题；心灵哲学，我们将在此模块中询问物质拥有心灵的意义以及应如何理解和诠释心灵；道德哲学，我们将在此模块中探究道德判断和反应的本质，看它们是旨在得出客观的道德真相，还是仅作为个人或文化偏好，以及，形而上学，我们将在此模块中思考有关事实本质的一些基础概念问题。本慕课 (MOOC) 课程由爱丁堡大学 Eidyn 研究中心领导设计。为配合“哲学导论”的授课，我们为大家倾力推荐一本由 Routledge 出版社出版的名为 "Philosophy for Everyone" 的配套书籍。这本“哲学导论”的课程配套书籍是由爱丁堡大学哲学小组为满足慕课 (MOOC) 学生要求而编写的。"Philosophy for Everyone"一书中包含清晰易懂的章节、章节摘要、词汇表、探究问题、补充阅读推荐以及在线资源指南。 This is a translated version. To join the original English version, Please visit this page https://www.coursera.org/learn/philosophy

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科学理论是真的吗？- Michela Massimi

在本模块中，我们将探索现代科学哲学中一项正在进行的中心辩论：科学理论是否真实。或者，更确切地说，科学理论是否需要是真实的才是好的。这个问题的答案主要有两种。科学实在论者认为，理论要想站得住脚，就应当是真实的。我们将分析他们关于此主张的主要论证（该论证名为“无奇迹论证”）以及反驳该论点的杰出观点。而科学反实在论则坚决主张，“真理”毫无特殊之处，他们认为不依靠真理也可以解释科学理论和科学进展。本节课旨在介绍这两种观点及其主要论证和前景。

科学的目的：拯救现象 vs. 揭示真理2:30

拯救现象？托勒密天文学5:15

真理？伽利略和哥白尼天文学2:05

科学实在论与无奇迹论证3:31

科学反实在论：建构经验论7:26

实在论者的反驳：最佳解释推论5:50

总结性摘要2:06

Conheça os instrutores

Dr. Dave Ward
Lecturer in Philosophy
University of Edinburgh
Professor Duncan Pritchard
Professor of Philosophy
University of Edinburgh
Professor Michela Massimi
Full Professor
Philosophy
Dr. Suilin Lavelle
Lecturer in Philosophy
University of Edinburgh
Dr. Matthew Chrisman
Reader in Philosophy
Philosophy
Dr. Allan Hazlett
Dr. Alasdair Richmond
Dr.
Philosophy

Hi, I'm Michela Massimi and

I'm a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy Science in the School of Philosophy,

Psychology, and Language Sciences at the University of Edinburgh.

Today I find myself at the National Museum of Scotland to introduce you to

one of the most lively debates in contemporary philosophy of science.

The debate between scientific realism and anti-realism.

This debate is unlike many others that popular philosophy or science.

It is not a debate about a specific topic or theme or theory in physics,

biology or cognitive science.

But it is a much broader debate about what science is all about and

what we should expect from good science.

In other words this is a debate about the aims of science.

With all the intuitions about what the aims of science are,

there seems to be two possible views.

On one view science aims to be accurate to provide us with a good description and

analysis of the available experimental evidence even

in the field of inquiry that is.

In other words, we make spec signs to save the phenomenon.

On a different view, we make spec signs, not just to save the phenomenon, but

to provide us with the true story about this phenomenon.

How they go about what sort of a mechanism when involved in their production.

And often telling a true story involves appear to unobservable entities.

Entities that prove elusive to the human eye like neutrinos,

protons, DNA strands and so forth.

So what do you think?

Science saving the phenomena or

the science giving a true story about this phenomena?

Well, depending on how you answer the question,

you will be siding either with scientific anti-realism or scientific realism.

In the rest of this lecture, I will introduce you to these two main views very

briefly and to some of the main arguments and counter-arguments.

Asking what the aims of science are may sound armchair philosophy, but it's not.

This is essential question that has shaped the course of western science and

has fueled some of the most important debate in our cultural history.

Our story begins several centuries before Galileo and Newton.

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