Part 5 - Periods of accelerated growth

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Do curso por University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

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University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

161 ratings

Seventy percent of kids drop out of sports before their high school graduation. Only 15% leave because they feel they are not good enough. Almost 70% leave because they were not having fun, or due to problems with the coach. Injuries cause 30% to give up sports. This course is packed full of practical sports science information that provide youth coaches and parents with the practical pediatric sports science insights to successfully retain young athletes and develop their sport potential while avoiding injury and overtraining. We begin by examining the multidimensional nature of coaching, the relevant sport motor performance abilities, the impact of growth and development on motor skills, the gene versus practice controversy, and briefly overview the body structures strengthened through training. Then we explore the athlete's energy supply, where this energy comes from, and how it matures along with the athlete. Finally, we examine the development of strength, power, anaerobic capacity, coordination and flexibility through the life span. The optional text manual for this course is available at: http://www.learnitez.com/HighPerformanceScience/manuals/

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Week 2: Strategies for maximizing the athlete’s potential

Many factors can positively and negatively impact the young athlete’s ability to optimize their sports potential. In this section we examine strategies for ensuring the athlete’s systematic long-term sports development and how to mold the correct sport-specific phenotype.

Part 1 - Introduction to critical training periods1:58

Part 2 - Ontogeny7:59

Part 3 - Development and environment6:39

Part 4 - Motor circuitry development5:40

Part 5 - Periods of accelerated growth6:58

Part 6 - Key points of critical training periods3:57

Conheça os instrutores

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

It's time now to take a look at the timing of the natural occurring

accelerated growth that are believed to be the windows of opportunity for

selected motor performance abilities.

In the background here, is the height velocity curve for girls that's in pink.

And for boys, I've got it in blue.

Now boys and girls differ in terms of the timing of their sensitivity windows

because girls enter peak height velocity two years earlier than boys do.

Now based on our current knowledge, the following is suggested as the optimal

timing for training some of the key motor performance abilities, and

we will start with Physical literacy.

Physical literacy refers to the child's competence performing fundamental

movement skills, such as walking, and running, and jumping, and throwing and

moving through water and moving through air.

And it also includes the fundamental precursors of sports skills.

Such as catching on the run, kicking while running, running and

then jumping over a hurdle with a three step rhythm in between.

Physical literacy has a large sensitivity window from birth, all the way

through to 11 to 12 years of age while the brain is enlarging to its adult size.

The accelerated brain development periods begin between 6 to

8 years and 10 to 12 years are potentially lucrative

periods where the fundamental motor skills appear most sensitive to training.

It appears that children must acquire the mature fundamental movement

patterns by the time they're 10 to 12 years old if they desire to perform

at the elite level in sports as an adult.

Now coordination mechanisms improve between zero to seven years of age

largely due to the enhanced motor unit recruitment potential and

other factors that we discussed in the previous module.

Neurological development is a significant factor in improved coordination.

A child's natural aerobic capacity grows significantly between

11 to 13 years for females, and 11 to 15 years for males.

Training can potentially enhance the natural increase in aerobic capacity

during this sensitive period by adding an additional stimulant.

For the growth related changes in the cardiovascular system.

And these are the capillaries surrounding the muscles, the energy production

capacity of the muscle cell, and the aerobic enzymes in the muscle cell.

The optimal window for trainability of strength for girls is immediately

after peak height velocity coinciding with the onset of menarche.

And for boys it's 12 to 18 months after the peak high velocity.

Improved strength before the growth spurt is due to the effect of a better

developed neuromuscular system and the subsequent coordination resulting

in an enhance and more synchronous recruitment of the muscle fibers.

Before puberty, the recommendation is to train strength by focusing

on the neuromuscular system by using body weight,

an Olympic lifting technique just using sticks, nothing else.

Stimulating muscle hypertrophy becomes a priority after puberty

by using the traditional strength training techniques.

And for speed, for

boys the first speed window occurs between ages seven to nine years.

And the second window occurs between the ages of 13 to 16 years.

For girls, the speed window occurs slightly differently, between the ages of

six to eight years, and the second window occurs between the ages of 11 to 13 years.

Now the first speed window of improvement for both boys and girls,

corresponds to the brain and nervous system growth and

this appears to be the best time to train the neuromuscular component

of speed such as agility and quickness in change and direction.

And the second window corresponds to the following two phenomenon.

The first is the increase in the muscle substrates and enzymes needed for

anaerobic energy which is needed for

speed and is also due to the maturation of the muscle tendon sensors

that improves the leg stiffness we talked about earlier and the coordination.

Now, remember that coordination may decline during the early

phase of the growth spurt.

And if this occurs, a reduced

focus on motor skill development will avoid training incorrect motor patterns.

The highest natural gains in speed occurs at and around maximum height velocity,

suggesting full maturation of the muscle tendon sensors has occurred.

Now in terms of skill, the window for optimal skill training occurs

between five to 11 years for girls and six to 12 years of age for boys.

And this again,

corresponds to the expansion of the brain growth towards it's adult size.

According to brain theory the child will benefit from as many different skill

experiences possible and this will stimulate the neuro connections

allowing for greater motor learning capacity.

Now, flexibility, the optimal window here is for

both genders occurs between the ages of six to ten.

Now you need to pay special attention to flexibility during the growth spurt to

ensure that adequate tendon length while the skeleton is lengthening also occurs.

And finally we'll take a look at the speed strength windows or power.

And the two windows of opportunity for speed strength are,

seven to nine and 14 to 15 years for boys, and

six to eight, and 12 to 13 years for girls.

And this is a good time to train power and acceleration skills.

The two windows of opportunity for

speed strength are seven to nine and 14 to 15 years for boys.

And six to eight and 12 to 13 years for girls.

And this is a good time to train power and acceleration skills.

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