Hieroglyphs: Part 7

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Do curso por University of Pennsylvania

Wonders of Ancient Egypt

190 ratings

University of Pennsylvania

Wonders of Ancient Egypt

190 ratings

Colossal pyramids, imposing temples, golden treasures, enigmatic hieroglyphs, powerful pharaohs, strange gods, and mysterious mummies are features of Ancient Egyptian culture that have fascinated people over the millennia. The Bible refers to its gods, rulers, and pyramids. Neighboring cultures in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean wrote about its god-like kings and its seemingly endless supply of gold. The Greeks and Romans describe aspects of Egypt's culture and history. As the 19th century began, the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt highlighted the wonders of this ancient land, and public interest soared. Not long after, Champollion deciphered Egypt's hieroglyphs and paved the way for other scholars to reveal that Egyptian texts dealt with medicine, dentistry, veterinary practices, mathematics, literature, and accounting, and many other topics. Then, early in the 20th century, Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun and its fabulous contents. Exhibitions of this treasure a few decades later resulted in the world's first blockbuster, and its revival in the 21st century has kept interest alive. Join Dr. David Silverman, Professor of Egyptology at Penn, Curator in Charge of the Egyptian Section of the Penn Museum, and curator of the Tutankhamun exhibitions on a guided tour of the mysteries and wonders of this ancient land. He has developed this online course and set it in the galleries of the world famous Penn Museum. He uses many original Egyptian artifacts to illustrate his lectures as he guides students as they make their own discovery of this fascinating culture. This course focused on five key areas in the study of Ancient Egypt: 1) Principles of Egyptian Art, 2) The Basics of the Language of Ancient Egypt: Hieroglyphs, 3) Egyptian Magic, 4) Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, and the Religion of the Aten, and 5) The Burial of Tutankhamun and the Search for his Tomb. This course is intended to accompany, and ideally to follow, Introduction to Ancient Egypt (also available on Coursera).

Na lição

The Basics of the Language of Ancient Egypt: Hieroglyphs

Hieroglyphs: Part 110:19

Hieroglyphs: Part 25:04

Hieroglyphs: Part 34:55

Hieroglyphs: Part 46:29

Hieroglyphs: Part 55:44

Hieroglyphs: Part 67:05

Hieroglyphs: Part 78:30

Hieroglyphs: Part 86:40

Hieroglyphs: Part 95:44

Hieroglyphs: Part 106:05

Hieroglyphs: Part 119:45

Conheça os instrutores

David P. Silverman
Eckley Brinton Coxe, Jr. Professor of Egyptology
Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations

I don't want to confuse you,

but there are also some pictograms in the ancient Egyptian writing system,

and these sort of look like or could be understood as

determinatives sometimes but then these have a sound value.

So for example.

Here's a pictogram of the sun.

Sometimes if it has a stroke after it,

it can refer specifically to the sun,

and it's sort of written out like this and what we call

transliteration that I'll explain to you in just a few minutes.

But this has a sound value,

and it actually is just the word itself,

it doesn't come after a phonetic explanation.

There are several others like that but you need to know,

so the Egyptians had a variety of different ways of writing

out the sounds and the other important types of signs that they had in their language.

So we're going to start now with

the basic building blocks of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics system.

We can start now with the uniliterals.

They were signs that represented one sign.

They sort of like an alphabet,

and as you can see, there are about 24.

I say that because a few of them like over here,

are very similar to each other,

so may not count for more than one or perhaps might.

So let me start and give you some of the sounds and explain to you what these signs are.

We start over on the left hand side at the very top,

and this is called an aleph.

We don't have it in our language,

but it does occur in Arabic and Hebrew.

And this is sort of at the back of the throat.

We don't really have a letter for it but we use,

it sort of an A sound.

And that is a vulture.

And we have over here a reed leaf,

and with a single one,

it's sort of like an I or J.

And for the two,

it is sort of like a Y,

and it can be written together like this or it can be

written like this which is a hieratic or more simplified form.

This is part of an arm with the hand in front of it,

and this is called ayen,

and again it's something that we don't have in our language,

but most of the time people just pronounce it as a short A.

This is a quail chick,

and it has the value of a W,

and it can kind of occur in various spots in a word,

and that will depend in whether it is pronounced wo or whether it's pronounced U as a U.

This one is an interesting one,

it's actually a foot.

So if I draw it over here with the leg,

you can see that's what it should look like.

But if we flip it around like that,

this the value of this is B.

So if you think about it,

it looks very much like the ancient Egyptian one and may have some connection with it.

Little square here is the value of a P. We move up to here,

very dangerous animal, the horn viper,

one of the most venomous snakes ever.

And you want to stay away from them.

This has the value of an F. Here we have an owl,

sometimes with those features put in,

if you really want to be fancy.

And this has the value of M. Underneath,

we have this sound N written out.

And if you think about this one,

and think about our N,

which is actually very similar it may be the origin of it.

This oval shaped actually represents a mouth,

but it is the letter R. Now the next

four are all the letter H. In ancient Egypt,

there were four different ones.

In our language, we have actually two different ones. For example.

Here is the first H,

which we pronounce ha.

Here is a second H,

which we call a silent h. So we don't pronounce it,

and that is honor.

That's most similar to this one.

So we put it down like this.

The second H, you write like this because it's a little bit harsher.

The third H, like this,

and that goes further back in the throat ha.

And this one is the fourth one,

which is pronounced ha,

in the back of the throat also.

So we have next rope,

and it is the letter S. Then a pool,

that is the sound sha.

Here is a hill, a small hill,

and that is pronounced as a K or sort of like a Q without the U after it.

And this is a basket with a handle pronounced also K. And this is a drawer stand,

and that's hard to visualize so if I do it over here,

you can see in the ancient Egyptian jars very often had round or pointed bases.

So you had to put them in something that would support them,

and that's what you have over here.

The sound value is a ga,

underneath that is bread,

it has the sound value of T. And this is another type of T,

it's picture is a tethering rope.

So we write it like this,

but it actually has the value of the T C H in the word ich.

The last two of our forms of D. This is a hand facing in that direction,

and so it's like our letter D and we simply write it like that.

This is another form of ancient Egyptian D,

and we underline it,

it's pronounced ja and it's like we have the D G E in this word Lage.

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