[MUSIC] I would like to talk about an example in concrete of the Jane Goodall Institute in which they establish below land use planning committees to give them guidance and to develop these systems and Frameworks and lows to support this coordinated land use management. Like the idea also of these experience is that it's difficult to think in conservation issues. If there are problems of poverty or access to public education, so that it's important to create these entities, these associations of people which in this case in this example, they are called The Village Land Use Planning Committees. So now I would like to talk about invasive species. We have seen how they are also an important driver of global change here. I would like to introduce the gravel invasive species program. This is coordinated by many associations from all over the world. Like for example, the International Union for conservation of nature. So it is established to us to address global threats caused by invasive alien species. And they do many tasks and one of the tasks of this group of people in which we find many scientists from all over the world who have been studying these issues related to invasive species. One of the things they do is to make reports and one of the reports of this global invasive species program is about how can we do, how can we stop this in this alien species effects to the Earth this narrative in books that they can have. So basically these actions are grouping for groups, the building has strategies and policies, established methods of prevention and methods also of early detection of this alien species that can potentially be invasive. And assessment and also management to control the decides in which the rat already invasions of some species affecting ecosystems and functioning of them. So these four groups and all these suggestions and recommendations from this global invasive species program, you will be able to find them in a link on the supplementary material with more information about each one of these suggestions. So another important driver of global change is pollution and we have seen already. We have seen many ways of producing this pollution. So now I would like to talk of a concrete example, the the study case of the Antarctic ozone layer. Pollution is an important driver of global change and we have seen many ways of reducing these pollution, especially when we were talking about climate change. Now, I would like to talk about another study case which is the Antarctic ozone layer hole. In the stratosphere, we find an ozone layer and this ozone layer protects living being from damaging effects of UV radiation from the Sun. What happened is that some years ago human activity was releasing a lot of CFC, huge quantities of the CFC products to the atmosphere. And the CFC are chemical compounds that when they rise into the stratosphere, they release atoms of chlorine and this chlorine interacts with ozone molecules of ozone breaking them. So that finally the result was that we have on a hole in these ozone layer in the Antarctic part of the Earth. So after it was discovered and detected, there was after approximately two years. There was a meeting and it was written and it was signed by many nations of the world what it's called the protocol of Montréal on substances that deplete the ozone layer. And since the the signature of this protocol, there has been regulations on this CFC and chemical compounds that deplete the ozone layer. So that nowadays we have many studies that have been tracking these ozone layer hole. Now I would like to introduce Dr. Susan Strahan. She's an atmospheric scientist from NASA and her studies show for the first time that chlorine levels are growing down and and since the Montreal protocol, so that the ozone levels are responding to it. Okay. Now I would like to talk about planetary boundaries. So there's a group of scientists that has been studying this planetary boundaries in relation to human development in this changing planet. So Will Steffen Katherine Richardson and other colleagues define it this diagram that I think it kind of summarize the results. You will be able to find more information in the supplementary material, of course, but this diagram shows the current status of control variables for seven of the planetary boundaries. And basically this planetary boundaries framework defines a safer operating space for Humanity, based on the intrinsic via physical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. So in different colors, it's indicated that the degree of this safety and you have in green color. This is the zone that is safe operating space. It's called the safe operating space, in yellow, represents the zone of uncertainty and in red, the higher risk zones. So basically these boundaries would be situated between green and yellow colors and finally an important result that they have is that they define two core boundaries. The climate change and the biosphere integrity that have been and they have been identified and each one of them has been defined to have potentially effects on the Earth system. So that on its own they can drive the Earth to another new state. Okay, so now that we have talked about this planet at this idea of the planetary boundaries to have more knowledge about which can be the limits or if they are limits for the Earth in front of our human development. Now, I would like to talk about another concept in concrete concretely. I would like to talk about the sentence that I'm sure you have her before which is act locally and think globally. And the idea is of the sentence of his message is to people to consider the health of the entire planet to think globally, thinking about the whole planet but to take action and to local communities or cities. So, as you see this is very related to the main question of this video of what can we do to stop this global change and here I would like to introduce Greta Thunberg. She's a 15 years old Swedish activist, and she is known because of her activism. So she has addressed to United Nations climate change convention and to the world economic Forum in Davos. And she has done many interventions on another International conferences denouncing the state of the Earth in relation to climate change. Also, she has started on a strike in a school a strike for climate and she started alone. But nowadays there are more than 20,000 students from 270 cities from all over the world doing also these school strike for climate change. So this is an example of how new generations are aware of the problem of climate change and the consequences that it can have for their lives. Finally, I would like to conclude saying that I think that Greta Thunberg, she remembers us about the power that each one of us we have. So it's an example of how thinking globally, thinking about the problem like the climate change, but acting locally as she did acting in the school or in the parliaments of her town etc. Finally, she is having a result, her actions are having consequences in a global Perspective and global consequences. [MUSIC]
