Siting challenges and stakeholder involvement

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Do curso por Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Wind Energy

1455 classificações

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Wind Energy

1455 classificações

How tall is a modern wind turbine and how can it possibly generate power from the wind? This course gives an overview of key aspects in wind energy engineering. Whether you are looking for general insight in this green technology or your ambition is to pursue a career in wind energy engineering, 'Wind Energy' is an excellent starting point. Experts located in the wind pioneering country of Denmark will take you on a tour through the most fundamental disciplines of wind energy research such as wind measurements and resource assessment, aerodynamics, wind turbine technology, structural mechanics, materials, financial and electrical systems. You will gain a rational understanding of wind energy engineering and, through hands-on exercises, you will learn to perform wind energy calculations based on simple models. Working with the different course disciplines will give you a taste of what wind energy engineering is all about. This allows you to identify the most interesting or relevant aspects of wind energy engineering to be pursued in your future studies or in your professional career. View our video: https://youtu.be/he4UWTGHxrY

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Introduction to wind energy

In this module, you will learn why there is a need for wind energy and how wind energy projects are planned. When you have completed the module, you will be able to explain why there is a need for wind energy and what an EIA is. You will also know how to get the most out of the course through interaction with other course participants.

The need for wind energy9:07

Siting challenges and stakeholder involvement7:36

Conheça os instrutores

Merete Badger
Senior Scientist
Department of Wind Energy
Alma Salnaja
Student helper
Department of Wind Energy
Lars Pilgaard Mikkelsen
Associate Professor
Department of Wind Energy
Ameya Sathe
Postdoc
Department of Wind Energy
Vladimir Fedorov
Researcher
Department of Wind Energy
Tom Cronin
Special advisor
Department of Wind Energy
Torben Krogh Mikkelsen
Professor of Remote Sensing for Wind Energy
Department of Wind Energy
Morten Hartvig Hansen
Professor
Department of Wind Energy
Niels-Erik Clausen
Associate professor
Department of Wind Energy
Bonnie Ram
Guest Senior Researcher
Department of Wind Energy
Sven-Erik Gryning
Dr. Scient. and PhD
Department of Wind Energy
Kim Branner
Senior Research Scientist
Department of Wind Energy
Poul Ejnar Sørensen
Professor
Department of Wind Energy
Hilmar Kjartansson Danielsen
Senior Researcher
Department of Wind Energy
Henrik Bredmose
Associate professor
Department of Wind Energy

Welcome to this lecture on siting challenges and stakeholder involvement.

The learning objectives for this lecture will be to explain the purpose

of an EIA or an Environmental Impact Assessment.

List some of the issues that get addressed in an EIA,

and name several types of stakeholders involved.

And then, list some values that underlie stakeholder

concerns that may not be addressed in an EIA.

An environmental impact assessment process is really about preparing an environmental

document, and it's a requirement in most countries for wind siting decisions.

What's the purpose of the environmental impact assessment?

It's to evaluate potential benefits and risks, to address social,

economic and environmental effects, and to cover all phases of the project.

From planning to construction, operation, and

decommissioning at the end of the life of the project.

The second purpose of the environmental impact assessment,

is to involve stakeholders and the publics.

Defining the scope of the proposed project is part of that process, as well as public

hearings, bringing stakeholders together, listening to their concerns, and trying

to incorporate citizen comments into the draft and final documents of this process.

Let's start with offshore wind sites and marine spatial planning.

The sea is owned by the nation and the public.

It is not private, so it involves many stakeholders that

use the ocean space from the construction companies,

to recreational folks, and shipping companies.

Fishery managers, marine mammal advocates, coastal residents, recreational boaters.

And this is just a small list of some of the stakeholders engaged in offshore wind

and marine spacial planning.

Let me give you one example.

Potential noise impacts in communities, which could be related to offshore wind

here, citing an offshore wind site and land-based.

It involves various models, and it sets rules for

the distance between the wind turbine and the first communities that are affected.

They identify potential noise sensitive areas,

which are these three dots in this particular example of the project.

And they're measured in decibels or dB.

The decibel is a commonly used measurement in acoustics, and

it measures sound pressure levels.

So you could see, this is the result of the model in this particular

example to try and assess the offshore impact to the land-based communities.

Another interesting example in marine spacial planning is shipping lanes, and

the number of stakeholders involved here, which are different.

In this particular case, this is the project here, that's been identified for

the developer.

But it shows that a ferry crossing between one side of the country, in this

particular case it's the Anholt project, is crossing right over the project.

So this requires negotiating with shipping regulators,

to deal with safety objectives, and competing uses of the ocean.

In this particular case, the ferry route has to be rerouted around the project,

and the developer has to compensate the ferry company for this additional route,

which would use more energy than they would if they crossed over this site.

This involves siting limitation and

negotiations with regulators which can get quite complicated.

Land-based wind and siting challenges have different sets of issues.

Some overlap, and some do not.

These are usually not addressed in an EIA.

Like for example, community involvement.

It's very important for land-based wind because people live

close to wind turbines in some cases, and there needs to be two-way engagement,

not just in public hearings, that's one way, but two-way.

Close to homes and businesses is why we need to engage the community, and

also, every community has a different sense of place.

Where they live, how long have they lived there?

How does this change the environment, or

her backyard when this turbine was just one turbine was installed?

Could be quite important to this particular resident.

Then we get into the distribution of benefits and risks in land-based wind.

There's a long history in Denmark for ownership of turbines with cooperatives.

This is so that several farmers, or several residents, form a cooperative and

owned the turbines themselves, rather than a developer or a corporation.

Who has a stake in the project is what's important.

And how do we define stakeholders?

There's so many different types of stakeholders that could be engaged,

both in a land-based and offshore project.

In this case, you might recognize this university, and scientists, and

engineers that are part of the process and a stakeholder in it.

But there's also other local citizens, politicians,

different types of industries, financing and non-governmental organizations

that come into play when you're citing either on land or in the ocean.

Another issue not typically addressed in an environmental impact assessment,

could be the values that underlies stakeholder concerns.

Ocean horizons and aesthetics are a very important piece of this puzzle,

as well as equity and equality.

How many people are invested in the project?

Does the community have an option to invest as a shareholder?

Protection of nature, sense of place again, social trust of government and

developers is also important.

Energy efficiency.

Do we really value using less energy?

And last but not least, the protection for future generations.

In summary, what I hope you learned today is, what is the purpose of an EIA?

Evaluating potential risks and benefits for all phases of the project,

from planning to decommissioning, involving local citizens and stakeholders.

And then, the second thing I hope that you've learned,

is some issues that get addressed in an EIA.

We discussed shipping lanes and noise effects.

There are many different kinds of stakeholders.

And finally, some of the values that underlie stakeholder views may

not get addressed in an EIA, but are very important to discuss with citizens.

For example, the need for wind, the protection for future generations, and

how wind energy can address the urgencies for energy efficiency and climate change.

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