4.4: Marriage and Socioeconomic Comparisons

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Do curso por The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Understanding China, 1700-2000: A Data Analytic Approach, Part 2

21 classificações

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Understanding China, 1700-2000: A Data Analytic Approach, Part 2

21 classificações

The purpose of this course is to summarize new directions in Chinese history and social science produced by the creation and analysis of big historical datasets based on newly opened Chinese archival holdings, and to organize this knowledge in a framework that encourages learning about China in comparative perspective. Our course demonstrates how a new scholarship of discovery is redefining what is singular about modern China and modern Chinese history. Current understandings of human history and social theory are based largely on Western experience or on non-Western experience seen through a Western lens. This course offers alternative perspectives derived from Chinese experience over the last three centuries. We present specific case studies of this new scholarship of discovery divided into two stand-alone parts, which means that students can take any part without prior or subsequent attendance of the other part. Part 1 (https://www.coursera.org/learn/understanding-china-history-part-1) focuses on comparative inequality and opportunity and addresses two related questions ‘Who rises to the top?’ and ‘Who gets what?’. Part 2 (this course) turns to an arguably even more important question ‘Who are we?’ as seen through the framework of comparative population behavior - mortality, marriage, and reproduction – and their interaction with economic conditions and human values. We do so because mortality and reproduction are fundamental and universal, because they differ historically just as radically between China and the West as patterns of inequality and opportunity, and because these differences demonstrate the mutability of human behavior and values. Course Overview video: https://youtu.be/dzUPRyJ4ETk

Na lição

Module 2: Who Reproduces and Who Marries

3.1: Who Reproduces: Prudence and Pressure6:50

3.2: Reproduction and Conscious Choice4:43

3.3: Reproduction and Adoption6:28

3.4: Reproduction: Geographic and Socioeconomic Comparisons6:31

4.1: Who Marries: Similarity in Difference4:35

4.2: Universal Female and Restricted Male Marriage5:35

4.3: Alternative Marriage Forms9:09

4.4: Marriage and Socioeconomic Comparisons4:52

Conheça os instrutores

James Z. Lee
Dean and Chair Professor of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences

[MUSIC]

Welcome to Understanding China, 1700 to 2000.

A Data Analytic Approach.

Part 2, section 15, Marriage and Socioeconomic Comparisons.

Malthus had thought that while marriage was universal and early in China,

it was selective and late in Western Europe, in particular England and

that these differences in savings and

consumption contributed much to the modern rise of the west over the east.

However, in similarity in difference.

The Eurasia population family history project discovered by comparing 50,000

first marriages in very different Eurasian communities, as well as 5,000 remarriages.

That while it's true that there were some differences at the aggregate level,

they were using individual calculations, there was also much similarity in

marriage behavior in relation to socioeconomic context.

These EAP comparative findings on marriage also challenge

the neo-Malthusian Hajnal hypothesis of a neo-local nuclear

Western European marriage pattern, contrasted against

a patri-local joint East European, East Asian marriage pattern.

Thus, while on the aggregate level, marriage may have been early,

universally East at least for females and late and selective in the West.

At the individual level in fact, because of the late

starting of reproductive behavior within marriage.

The gap between West European populations and Northeast Asian populations,

which was interest of the Asian marriage a difference of ten years.

Now to the age of first birth with a difference of only five years.

In other words, while marriage in Western Europe was closely linked to biological

reproduction to coital behavior within marriage.

Marriage in these stages, surprisingly was not.

Our findings based on Big Historical Data on individual marriage

behavior further challenge previous understandings

of the aggregate relationship of economic conditions and marriage.

Now according to Malthus,

marriage in Europe was supposed to be sensitive to fluctuations in the economy.

Or marriage in rural Asia was supposed to be independent of economic conditions,

because of the resources available from the extended family.

However, in all male population,

other study in the Eurasian population of the family history project.

There was in fact, a general and strong positive association

between socioeconomic status and the timing of marriage.

And when times are hard, it was the high socioeconomic status group were

the most likely to postpone marriage not the low socioeconomic status groups.

Higher socioeconomic status was also associated with lower likelihood of

remarriage in Europe, higher likelihood of remarriage in Asia.

The results overall are again, consistent with the power-property binary

reported in our studies of mortality and fertility.

Household relationships were more important in the Asian context.

Property ownership was more important in the European context.

Overall, however and unexpectedly, while we can identify binary,

there was still more similarities between East and

West in marriage than they expected from the results on mortality and reproduction.

Thus, while overall, there may have been difference.

We look at marriage, we see similarly in difference.

From a discussion on mortality,

fertility and marriage, one message becomes rather clear.

That especially in East Asia in general, China in particular,

family strongly shapes individuals survive, reproduce and married.

In other words, to define who we are,

the questioned we posed at the beginning of part two.

We need to understand better the most basic social organization of human beings,

the family and the interactions between kin to understand how,

who cares, strongly influences who survives?

Who reproduces?

Who marries?

[MUSIC]

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