[MUSIC] Hello, everyone. I'm Professor Duck-Joo Lee. We have continuously looked back on ourselves. I guess you are now pretty much getting used to the recalling process. Did you, by any chance, recall me giving you a lecture while you were practicing on your own? Well, this can be a problem. Because I told you that everything you can recall in your mind are nothing but a stress. I certainly don't want to be the cause of your stress. However, if you take pictures of me and save what I look like and sound like with your eyes and ears through this video. and save it in your brain, you can later recall how Professor Lee is handsome, or have a good voice. This will lead you to compare maybe other professors you know, and possibly cause you stress. What did I just said? I said, we take pictures and save in the brain,. We already covered in the third week lectures how brain perceive things. The recalling process in the brain, and how the brain changes when we do the subtraction. If we practice discarding thought during this, activated the state of neural system. Intensity of corresponding networks get weakened through what we call in neuroscience, the extinction learning. Today, we are going to see how our brain waves change in accordance with the subtraction of saved images in our brain. Aren't you curious? Before we talk about the brain waves, let's see how our nerves are structed. Cranial nerve are spread all over the brain, and when the brain is relaxed, so called extinction learning can only happen. Brain state can be measured by EEG, which is electrical activity measured from the scalp. When the brain is in a relaxed state, the alpha rhythm, 8 to 13 Hertz, becomes more powerful and spread throughout the cortex. So, when we say alpha rhythm becomes dominant in the brain, which means brain is rather in a stable and relaxed state. In University of San Diego, California, there has been a study about the correlation between the meditation and the EEG held by both cognitive science and the psychology team. They assigned those who don't practice meditation as the control group., and recorded the EEG from the meditation group before, and 100 hours after the meditation. As you can see, the meditation group shows much strong alpha power at the back of their heads. Like this, we can infer that all we have recalled were the cause of stress. and that stress can be lowered as we subtract the false mind as we eliminate those recalled images. Moreover, it can affect our brain waves as the scientists proved in the EEG. This is the stress index chart. Just by taking a glance, you will notice the difference between the control group and meditation group is huge. In South Korea, we have studied the changes of EEG by the meditation aimed at teachers. For the teachers, we recorded the EEG before and after one week training program of meditation. As for the results, we can see not only the changes in the EEG, but their attention concentration level. Thanks to science and medicine, we can measure the stability of our brain state. There are endless amount of meditation effects we can find out through this kind of studies. Today, let's start self-reflective meditation on that. Close your eyes please. Time flies really fast, 10 years, 20 years have passed,. 50 years., 100 years and 200 years have passed and I'm dead now. As a dead spirit I go up into the infinite universe. Another 100 years have passed, the Earth looks like a pea-sized dot. Today, we will recall all my life back in the Earth. especially focusing on the habits. Everything I recall happened in that tiny Earth 100 years, 200 years ago. Keep your eyes closed and focus on the recalling. If you had any habit, try to remember those stuff. Blinking when nervous, biting the nails, humming to yourself, scratching your head. Recall anything that pops up in your head then thinking about habit. Do you have habit of over-sleeping or putting of things? If you habitually smoke, game, or drink, recall those as well. Has anybody ever pointed out your habit or asked you to fix it? What efforts have been made to fix those habits? Did you ever just wanted to give up because thing didn't work out the way you wanted? Why do you think that was? Try to remember why did you start doing that at the first place? What incident could have been stuck in your brain so long and triggered you to do things as a habit? Okay, we will stop here. If you are used to an idea in your head, that becomes an fixed idea. However if you are used to a behavior, that becomes a habit. The root of your habit is the strong picture stored in your brain. For example, you might have found out that humming helps release stress. Then your brain stores such experience as a memory and instruct you to react in the same way the next time you get stressed. Bruce Hood, who is an expert scientist in cognitive development once said, ��100 billion neurons in our brain create patterns in infinite variety as we encounter different environmental conditions while growing up.�� These patterns construct individual's emotion and behavior. The so-called self, means the combined sensations, conceptions, and the thought of layers of patterns in the brain. That means our consciousness always be in the past. However, if all those images don't get recalled because of the subtraction we do in self-reflective meditation., we will live in the present moment, free from all the past ideas, and the conventional thoughts. A true freedom is the happiness. For a surprise, I will show you my own EEG data. This is my EEG four years ago. How beautiful those blue waves are. As you can see, right and left brain are balanced out evenly. At that time, among over 80,000 of EEG data in that institute, they said they have never seen such a stable EEG data before. Are you following me okay? If you have any questions, please ask. I will see you next class. Thank you.