Introduction

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Do curso por University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

35 classificações

University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

35 classificações

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport. We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

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Chronic Fatigue Due to Overtraining

When an athlete is underperforming, and you don’t know why, suspect chronic fatigue due to overtraining as the prime contributing factor. Unfortunately, because we don’t fully understand chronic fatigue our knowledge about overtraining remains scant. Hans Selye’s General Adaptation framework suggests it is likely due to too much training and insufficient recovery that leads to a prolonged maladaptation of physiological systems and structures. In this module you are provided insight into chronic fatigue and its relationship to overtraining.

Introduction5:53

Nervous system components2:29

Dual innervation2:55

Reciprocal effect2:15

The vagus nerve3:01

Heart control evolution8:06

How the engine works4:58

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia5:30

Conheça os instrutores

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

We've examined the endocrine system and some of the hormones that will allow

the athlete to adapt to training, maintain homeostasis and stay healthy.

The nervous system is the other important player involved in

adaption homeostasis and health.

And one component of the nervous system that is particularly important

is the autonomic nervous system that is located in the peripheral

nervous system that's designated as PNS here.

The autonomic nervous system, or ANS,

works in concert with the endocrine system and the central

nervous system to keep the physiology of the athlete's body in proper balance.

Chronic fatigue in athletes is linked to over training.

And both chronic fatigue and overtraining are linked to

the inability of the brain to restore the body's homeostasis.

So how does the hypothalamus know what hormones to

tell the pituitary to release to keep the body functioning properly?

A part of the answer to this question is found in the autonomic nervous system.

The endocrine and the autonomic nervous systems work together to

help keep the body functioning appropriately.

The autonomic nervous system is preprogrammed to perform

two important roles.

One is to manage stress.

And when the individual is in a stressful situation, the autonomic nervous system

will stimulate a very primitive phenomenon called fight or flight response.

And this is also known as the acute stress response.

In this situation, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the endocrine system,

to flood the body with hormones in order to activate it into high alert.

Now, early in human evolution, this innate acute stress response served to

quickly mobilize energy resources and prepare the body to do one of two things.

To stay and fight the threat or

to decide that fleeing to safety was the better option.

Training and competition stimulates the same acute stress response our

early ancestors used to deal with a dangerous situation in the environment,

such as a big, scary animal that was looking for an easy source of food.

In the case of training, the stress is artificially imposed,

with the goal of outperforming a competitor.

The autonomic nervous system also has a rest and

digest component, they calms the activity of the body down.

So on one end, the autonomic nervous system puts the body on higher route and

on the other end, it puts it to sleep.

In essence, the ANS allows the athlete

into a turbo charged activity mode when needed.

Such as during training and competition.

And into an idle mode during recovery.

And you'll see shortly why this see-saw effect of fast and slow aspect of

the autonomic nervous system is important to understanding chronic fatigue.

Now, we're going to talk a lot about the vagus nerve in this lesson and

then in the next couple of lessons.

It is the major nerve of the autonomic nervous system and

holds potential key to explaining chronic fatigue.

The name vagus means wandering in Latin.

And here's an illustration of where this nerve goes in the body,

it's basically everywhere.

The vagus nerve connects to the brain at the brain stem and about 80% of the fibers

in the vagus nerve carry information from the body back to the brain.

And the remaining 20% shuttle instructions from the brain back to the organ systems.

The vagus nerve has profound control over heart rate and blood pressure.

And this is why this nerve is so important to athletes.

So in this lesson, we're going to overview the difference between the two

branches of the autonomic nervous system.

The sympathetic branch or the fight or flight branch that puts the body on very

high alert and the parasympathetic branch that is the rest and

digest branch that allows the body to shift into a slow

idle mode while it's digesting food and resting and recovering.

We will also discuss the influence each branch has on the heart and other organs.

And we will discuss the meaning of respiratory sinus arrhythmia,

and what this tells us about the fatigue stages of the athlete.

And finally,

I'll introduce you to a really interesting theory about how the vagus nerve

works to keep the body from destroying itself when it is under stress.

The theory is called polyvagal theory.

So this lesson's going to provide you with the insights you need to understanding

training induced chronic fatigue and how heart rate monitoring Will help

you track how well the autonomic nervous system is managing training stress.

So let's get started.

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