Field Influence

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Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

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University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

30 classificações

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport. We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

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Acute fatigue during training and competition

Fatigue is a phenomenon we all experience. It is characterized by tiredness and the desire to rest. Whether the athlete likes it or not, fatigue serves a protective function. It is both cognitive and physical in nature. In this topic you are introduced to the science of acute fatigue due to training and competition. With rest, acute fatigue dissipates and the body becomes stronger. You will learn about important fatigue theories, and the factors believed to contribute to fatigue such as low fuel supplies, acidity and body temperature.

Introduction3:41

Definition of Fatigue4:46

Field Influence3:53

Cardiovascular Limitations3:37

Energy Supply/Energy Depletion Model6:20

Neuromuscular Fatigue Model5:21

Muscle Trauma Model3:03

Biomechanics Model1:34

Thermoregulatory Model3:24

Psychobiological Model3:23

Central Governor Model3:12

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Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

There are so many different effects of fatigue on performance that it has

become really difficult to develop an understanding for why it occurs.

Some of the symptoms are listed here on the screen.

There's a reduced performance, well we know that.

What you may not know, that there is also a decreased heart rate during exercise and

this indicates the brain is unable to deliver the same amount of oxygen and

nutrients to working muscles.

There's an altered cognitive performance and

this affects the decision making ability of the athlete.

And workouts that used to feel easy become really, really hard to do.

There is a reduced blood lactate concentration

indicating that the glycolytic energy system has slowed down.

And the athlete gets sick more frequently,

suggesting that the immune system is overworked.

And there is a disturbed quality of sleep.

And the athlete also has an altered mood.

Now scientists in various fields of study

view all these symptoms of fatigue through slightly different lenses and

offer alternative theories for about the cause of fatigue.

For example, a biomechanist explains fatigue in

terms of a decrease in maximal muscle force production, or

an inability to sustain further exercise at a required force.

And this is actually a definition of fatigue used in sport, so

that's the biomechanist.

A psychologist explains fatigue simply as a sensation of tiredness.

They keep things very simple.

And a physiologist defines fatigue in terms of a failure

of a specific physiological system.

And of course, naturally physiology people make things really really complicated.

However, the commonality in all these views is that fatigue

is a negative influence on the athlete's performance, eventually,

leading to a termination of exercise due to

events interfering with the ability of the active muscle to work properly.

There are currently eight broad models offering an explanation for

training-specific fatigue.

These include the cardiovascular model.

The energy supply or energy depletion model.

The neuromuscular fatigue model.

There's fatigue due to muscle trauma, that's another model.

There's a biomechanical model.

There's a thermoregulatory model.

And there is a psychological or motivational model.

And finally is the central governor model.

Each of these models proposes a theory of explanation or

viable explanation for the understanding causes of fatigue.

Now Tim Noakes is a professor of exercise and

sports science at the University if Cape Town.

And he has written some really, really interesting stuff about the insights and

provided neat insights about each of this models of fatigue.

So the lesson here I draw from his particular writings.

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