[MUSIC] What I often notice with students is that they see to be at university and are very happy that they no longer to do English. And that's a shame, because communication is very important in all aspects of life, including science. My students and I spent a very long time writing papers and we go through every sentence and we go through every paragraph and comma to make sure we communicate well. And my students and I give oral presentations. And again it's easy to give the presentation that nobody understands but that's not the point. And so it's leashed in physics, we start to sometimes in first year and sometimes in second year that they give presentations to their peers and the result are sometimes quite shocking. We asked them to write documents and they need a lot of editing. And so, preparing for university by knowing how to write reasonably well, grammatically, but not only grammatically, but also putting an idea together coherently. And so that one idea leads to the next idea, etc, etc. Some students have difficulty with and I think that is a very important skill to have and to develop further issue progress through university. >> In education, we have no, not really any tests so that solutions are communicated through speaking and through writing. We have a lot of presentations and so students often have to prepare PowerPoints and give talks to the class. I find often that students are not prepared to give a formal talk. So they might read out their notes or read out the PowerPoint. But what they need to do is not only know the solutions but think through presentations skills and how to confident in talking and answering questions. That's something that's very scary. They also need to be able to write these solutions out and I find for a lot of students they're not used to putting their ideas up front. Often they will write around the topic and it's almost like the first time they write, they follow their thinking, so they'll say, I did this, I did this, I did this, I didn't do this, and then I thought this. Whereas when you are writing, it's got to be the other way around. It's got to be, I think this because of this, this, this. And this mistake is made by local students as well as international students. Local students excuse me saying tend to write as they speak, an international students often leave the main point until the end. So, it's really putting your ideas upfront in writing and speaking and then backing it up and giving reasons. [MUSIC]