Hello everybody and welcome back. The Palatine Hill was essentially a housing area, a residential area. According to the Roman myth, the founder himself lived on the Palatine and the kings should have lived on the Palatine near the Sanctuary of Vesta. We know a certain number of noble families living on the Palatine since the beginning of the fifth century until the end of the fourth century. Since the end of the second century BC on, we know an increasing number of famous and noble people, senators, and magistrates living on the hill. We can locate some of these houses in different parts of the hill such as, the northern slope along the Sacred Way and the corners or the Western Side of the hill. From an archaeological point of view, we can see on the Palatine different types of the so-called Roman house. This one for example, in this very point here, has a small part with two small dining rooms and a bedroom here. These were part of a richly decorated residence as you can see from this rich floor here and this painting on the wall with the plaster wide here. This is why this house is called The House of the Griffins due to this fresco here. All this was a part enlarged at a later stage as you can see here and painted in a different style and later on, it's tend to be the underground floor of an upper house as you can see from this section here. This was a typical Roman house centered on this kind of room, the atrium with ala on the side and a large room here, the tablinum. Right in the x of the entrance here, you see the vestibulum is the entrance of the house. Behind the house, we can imagine the peristylium, a garden surrounded by columns. As you can see from this section here, these are the underground room, the dining room here, and the plaster with the Griffin here, where the letter B is. This ground floor was also richly decorated. This is a very ancient model of the Roman house which we have already seen on the northern slope in the sixth century BC and now is turning into a more elaborate model as we can see for a more regular form of the atrium in the center of this house. House not very different from this one are located nearby. As you can see here, one house and another house here. Once again, we are dealing with the underground floors because the upper floor had been destroyed by the later addiction in particular here, from the Imperial Palace that has been built on these place say in the first century AD on. Once again, we have this underground floor with the peristyle, dining rooms, and bedroom here. An upper floor, we can imagine centered on atrium here of a different side. Here with the column on each corner of a basin here and a peristyle on the back. This is a second example of the decoration of this house, this is a basin for the breeding of fishes as you can see which was here, exactly here in the house. If we move along the Sacred Way, we found once again different kind of houses, especially, in this spot here. We are along the Sacred Way near the reconstructed gate, a very ancient tensions to the Palatine along the street climbing up to the hill from the Second Way near the house of the Pontifex Maximus, near the Sanctuary of Vesta. At the end of the third century BC, a great fire destroyed the forum area and the houses that were on the lower part of the Palatine slope. A new area has been created with this four different houses. We see different atria here with columns here, two atria here with gardens on the back and an atrium with ala and a hole here, a tablinum. In this image here, you can see how these different houses 1, 2, 3, and 4 well placed along the Sacred Way and along the second Street climbing up on Palatine and you can see the relation between the open area and gardens on the back and the rooftop spaces. Atria here, a triclinium here and, bedroom here and here. In front of each houses on each side of the entrance you had shops, a tabernae. During the first century BC, a very famous man Marcuse Aemilius Scaurus, bought this house here and this one. He joined the two house and created one huge residence. In the ground floor of this residence, he created 62 small rooms. This was bedroom or cellar where the servants in the house who are housing. The impressive thing is that all these underground world was situated underneath the atrium, you had the master on top and the slaves underneath. This is the area of the new house joining the other two previous ones. This was a very famous residence because these guys Marcuse Aemilius Scaurus in year 58 BC decided to create a theater, a temporary theater at dawn with a large number of marble columns. Four of these columns at the end of the ceremony, he decided to bring inside his house and used four of these columns, as you can see here, and placed them at the corner of the basin in the center of this atrium house. This was perceived as an absolute scandal, as an absolute luxury. Here you can see once again the new residents and the roof of the large atrium supported by the four huge columns, we have already seen. Once again, the upper floor, the ground floor here, and the underground floor. The edge room of the master and the bedrooms underneath here where the slaves were housed. This was a very common feature in a Roman house. We commonly found underground rooms for slaves. Either in private house as you can see here, this is a minor house along the Sacred Way on the opposite side of the Sacred Way and here a much noble example. This is the house of the emperor and even here we have underground rooms for slaves and in this case as we shall see, where the offices of the empire were placed. In the end, these luxury had to be abandoned. The atrium had to be reduced and the luxury columns were moved once again somewhere else. Now we can move on the opposite side of the Palatine along the western slope. Here, we can figure out a whole layout aligned on the most important way of this hill leading from the Sacred Way to the place when Rome had been founded and we have 1, 2, 3, 4 blocks. This was called the most beautiful place in Rome, [inaudible] in Rome. We know as you can see here quite a high number of names of people living in this area. Cicero is one of the most famous of these guys. Cicero was not a noble man, he was born in a small town in the south of [inaudible]. Nonetheless, he was a Roman citizen and he became a major then became a console, other than a famous lawyer. So he could afford to live in the most beautiful place in Rome. Due to the literary sources, we know a lot about the happenings which involved these houses. For example, the neighbor of Cicero, Claudius. He was one of the strongest enemy in the political struggle sent into exile and turn his house into a sanctuary, as you can see here for example. But Cicero succeeded in coming back and he gained once again his house and destroyed the sanctuary inside the house. So you can see in year 58, the sanctuary in south the house and the following year, year 57, the sanctuary has been abandoned and the new peristyle has been built inside here. In this section, you can see the full house. This is the place where the part with the Imperial Palace as you can see from this red line will be built. Maybe the most famous person living on the Palatine was the first emperor of Rome, Octavian. He was born in this spot. Here was his father house. During the years of unrest during the Civil War, his mother sent him away from Rome but then he came back and they choose to live on the opposite corner all the hill. Right in front of the place where Roma been founded, but this is another story. Thank you very much.
