Alguns conceitos básicos sobre desemprego

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O Poder da Macroeconomia: Princípios da Economia no Mundo Real (em Português)

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University of California, Irvine

O Poder da Macroeconomia: Princípios da Economia no Mundo Real (em Português)

192 classificações

Neste curso, você conhecerá os princípios fundamentais da macroeconomia geralmente ensinados em cursos trimestrais ou semestrais para alunos de graduação ou MBA. E, talvez mais importante ainda, você também aprenderá a aplicar esses princípios a uma grande variedade de situações, tanto de sua vida particular quanto profissional. Assim, o Poder da Macroeconomia vai ajudá-lo a ser bem-sucedido em um ambiente globalizado e cada vez mais competitivo. This is a translated version. To join the original English version, please visit this page https://www.coursera.org/learn/principles-of-macroeconomics

Na lição

Desemprego, inflação e estagflação

Alguns conceitos básicos sobre desemprego4:26

Desemprego definido e medido4:03

Lei de Okun3:48

Inflação de demanda versus inflação de custo e o dilema keynesiano6:22

Conheça os instrutores

Dr. Peter Navarro
Professor
Paul Merage School of Business

[MUSIC]

Welcome to The Power of Macroeconomics.

[MUSIC]

Lecture Five: Unemployment, Inflation, and Stagflation.

The purpose of this lesson is to examine much more closely

three of the most important problems in macroeconomics.

Unemployment and inflation, and

the combination of these two problems known as stagflation.

>> Unemployment and inflation, inflation and

unemployment, these are two of the most important problems in macroeconomics.

And in most cases macro economists can solve at least one of them, but

only by worsening the other.

For example, expansionary, fiscal, or

monetary policy can usually pull an economy out of a recession.

But such actions may cause inflation.

On the other hand, contractionary policies typically can be used to fight inflation

but often at the cost of more unemployment and recession.

But, what happens when an economy faces both high unemployment and

soaring inflation, as many nations of the globe did during the turbulent 1970's?

Are traditional Keynesian-style monetary and

fiscal policies still effective in fighting such stagflation?

In order to answer this important question we've got to learn a lot more

about what makes both unemployment and inflation tick.

In doing so,

we're going to learn about one of the great debates in macroeconomic theory.

Mainly, is there a clear trade off between unemployment and

inflation as advocates of the so-called Phillips Curve suggest.

Or is the Phillips Curve simply a dinosaur concept of a failed Keynesianism.

In this lesson we're also going to compare and contrast the Keynesian and

Monetarist views of stagflation and then illustrate why the doctrine of

Supply Side economics emerged in the 1980s as a viable,

political alternative to these two competing economic camps.

To begin, let's review some basic concepts about unemployment.

In thinking about the unemployment problem, the economist identify

three different kinds, frictional, structural, and cyclical.

Frictional unemployment is the least of the economists worries.

It arises because of the incessant movement of people between regions and

jobs or through different stages of their life cycle.

For example, even when an economy is at full employment, there is

still some turnover as students search for jobs when they graduate from school and

when women renter the labor force after having children.

Cyclical unemployment is a much more serious problem.

It occurs when the economy dips into a recession and

it is this type of unemployment that macroeconomist have historically spent

most of their time trying to solve.

In an increasingly technological age, the third type of unemployment,

structural unemployment has begun receiving more attention.

Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch between available jobs and

a skills workers have to perform them.

It often results when technological change makes someone's job obsolete.

The highly-skilled glass blower thrown out of work by the invention of bottle-making

machines, or the specialized auto worker replaced by a robot.

A second source of structural unemployment, results from a mismatch

between the location of workers and the location of job openings.

For example, in the 1980's when the price of oil plunged, many oil field workers in

the oil producing states found themselves structurally unemployed when widespread

layoffs occurred, even though unemployment was low in other parts of the country.

This distinction between cyclical, frictional and

structural unemployment is important because it helps economist diagnose

the general health of the labor market and craft appropriate policy responses.

For example, in the presence of cyclical unemployment due to recession,

expansionary fiscal or monetary policies may be quite appropriate.

However, structural unemployment often requires more targeted policies

such as job retraining.

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