A importância da formação de capital e da mudança tecnológica

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Do curso por University of California, Irvine

O Poder da Macroeconomia: Princípios da Economia no Mundo Real (em Português)

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University of California, Irvine

O Poder da Macroeconomia: Princípios da Economia no Mundo Real (em Português)

192 classificações

Neste curso, você conhecerá os princípios fundamentais da macroeconomia geralmente ensinados em cursos trimestrais ou semestrais para alunos de graduação ou MBA. E, talvez mais importante ainda, você também aprenderá a aplicar esses princípios a uma grande variedade de situações, tanto de sua vida particular quanto profissional. Assim, o Poder da Macroeconomia vai ajudá-lo a ser bem-sucedido em um ambiente globalizado e cada vez mais competitivo. This is a translated version. To join the original English version, please visit this page https://www.coursera.org/learn/principles-of-macroeconomics

Na lição

A economia dos países em desenvolvimento

Os quatro elementos do desenvolvimento6:57

Recursos humanos, recursos naturais e padrões de posse da terra3:12

A importância da formação de capital e da mudança tecnológica3:04

"Por que alguns países prosperam", o ciclo da pobreza e nove políticas para promover o crescimento11:22

Considerações finais3:15

Conheça os instrutores

Dr. Peter Navarro
Professor
Paul Merage School of Business

[MUSIC]

Regarding the third factor in growth, capital formation, a

modern economy requires a vast array of capital goods.

However, the only way countries can rapidly deepen

their capital stock is by abstaining from current consumption.

And that's the catch for many developing countries that are poor to begin with.

Because reducing current consumption to provide

for future consumption often seems impossible.

Nonetheless, the role of capital formation in economic growth cannot be understated.

Consider that the leaders in the growth race

invest at least 20% of output in capital formation.

By contrast, the poorest agrarian countries are often able

to save and invest only 5% of their national income.

Moreover, much of the low level of savings goes to provide the growing

population with housing and simple tools. Little is left over for development.

The result is too little investment in the

productive capital so indispensable for rapid economic progress.

Turning to the fourth supply factor

of economic growth, technological change, developing countries

have one potential advantage here, they

can benefit by relying on the technological

progress of more advanced nations.

In this regard, poor countries do not need to

find modern Newtons to discover the law of gravity.

They can read about it in any physics book.

Nor do they have to repeat the

slow, meandering inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

They can buy tractors, computers and power looms.

Undreamed of by the great merchants of the past.

Japan and the United States,

clearly illustrate this pattern in their historical developments.

Japan joined the industrial race late, and only at the end of

the 19th century did it send students abroad to study Western technology.

Same time, the Japanese government has taken an active role in stimulating

the pace of development and in

building infrastructure such as railroads and utilities.

The case of the United States likewise provides

a hopeful example to the rest of the world.

The key inventions involved in

the automobile originated almost exclusively abroad.

Nevertheless, Ford and General Motors applied foreign inventions and

rapidly became the world leaders in the automotive industry.

From the histories of Japan and the United States, it might

appear that adaptation of foreign technology

is an easy recipe for development.

You might say, just go abroad, copy more efficient methods, put them into effect

at home, and sit back and wait for the extra output to roll in.

Last, technological change is not that simple.

You can send a textbook on chemical engineering to Bangladesh or Somalia.

Without adequate human resources, skilled

scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs, these countries

can't even begin to think about building a working petrochemical plant.

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