Hello, today we will consider dispute settlement in the Russian Federation. Protection of disputed or bridged rights of entrepreneurs is carried out in the manner prescribed by law. In case a dispute arisen, legal entity or individual businessman can apply or state courts of the Russian Federation or choose another way of dispute settlement. For example, to refer to commercial arbitration or use mediator's assistance. In the Russian Federation, justice is rendered only by a regular established courts. They are courts that established in accordance with the constitution of Russian Federation, and the federal constitutional law on the traditional system of the Russian Federation number 1-FKZ of the 31st of December, 1996. It's not permitted to form emergency courts or courts not provided by the mentioned law. The Russian Federation judicial power is independent and acts separately from legislative and executive power. A court ruling that has entered into a legal force is binding for any and all persons throughout the Russian Federation including individuals, legal entities, commercial and non-commercial, public law entities, their bodies, and official. Failure to abide by a court decision or any other court act may lead to liability prescribed by law. Justice is exercised by means of constitutional, civil, arbitrazh, administrative, and criminal proceedings. Proceedings in all courts are public. Hearings in camera are permitted only in cases prescribed by law. For example, if public proceedings may lead to a disclosure of legally protected secret. The proceedings in the constitutional court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in arbitrazh and military courts shall be held in Russian. Proceedings in other courts may be held also in the national language or the Russian Federation constituent entity, where a court is located. The parties of the proceedings that do not speak the language of the proceedings shall be entitled to speak or give explanations in their native language or any other chosen language, and to engage an entrepreneur. Detailed regulation of the structure of the Russian Federation court system is determined by the Federal Constitutional Law on the traditional system of the Russian Federation number 1-FKZ of the 31st of December, 1996. The Russian judicial system is presented on the slide. It consists of federal courts and courts of the Russian Federation constituent entities. Federal courts are the constitutional court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, arbitrazh courts, courts of general jurisdiction, and specialized courts. Courts of the Russian Federation constitute entities are charter or constitutional courts of the Russian Federation's constituent entities and magistrates. The constitutional court of the Russian federation generally resolves issues related to federal and some original laws and regulations compliance with the constitution of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial authority concerning civil, administrative, criminal, and other cases as well as economic disputes. As for arbitrazh courts, it should be noted that the title arbitrazh court is not related to arbitration. It origins from an old Soviet tradition, whereby disputes between state enterprises were held by the so-called state arbitrazh. It was assumed in the USSR that no disputes could arise between socialistic enterprises, since all socialistic enterprises had in fact one own the state. Differences that did arise could be settled by an intermediary, the so-called state arbitrazh. That was a quasi-judicial governmental institute. Since then, the arbitrazh courts have awarded into an independent branch of the judicial system. For a better understanding, the title arbitrazh court can be translated as a state commercial court. Arbitrazh courts have jurisdiction over disputes in connection with business and economic activities involving individual businessman, commercial and non-commercial legal entities, public law, legal entities, their bodies and officials. They also have jurisdiction over certain disputes irrespective of the nature and party's status. For example, corporate disputes and solvency disputes and some others. Other disputes fall into purview of courts general jurisdiction, federal courts and magistrates, because magistrates are in fact courts of general jurisdiction of the Russian Federation constituent entities. As for charter or constitutional courts on the Russian Federation constitute entities, they resolve disputes and issues related to certain constituent entity, laws and regulations compliance with relevant charter or constitution.
