Introduction to Module 2

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Do curso por Johns Hopkins University

Diagnosing Health Behaviors for Global Health Programs

11 classificações

Johns Hopkins University

Diagnosing Health Behaviors for Global Health Programs

11 classificações

Curso 4 de 6 em Specialization Foundations of Global Health

Health behavior lies at the core of any successful public health intervention. While we will examine the behavior of individual in depth in this course, we also recognize by way of the Ecological Model that individual behavior is encouraged or constrained by the behavior of families, social groups, communities, organizations and policy makers. We recognize that behavior change is not a simplistic process but requires an understanding of dimensions like frequency, complexity and cultural congruity. Such behavioral analysis is strengthened through the use of a toolkit of theoretical models and practical frameworks. While many of such models and frameworks exist, in this course we will review the Health Belief Model, Social Learning Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action, the Trans-Theoretical Model and the PRECEDE Framework. After building your behavioral analysis toolkit with these examples, you will see that actual behavior change program planning uses a combination of ideas and variables from different models, theories and frameworks. Ultimately we aim to encourage course participants to apply the idea that successful programs are theory based as they go about involving people in improving their health.

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Individual Behavior, Perspectives, and Interpretations

We continue with theories and models, understanding human behavior, and understanding perspectives. We'll also examine an example of meanings and interpretations using malaria and river blindness as well as an introduction to force field theory and an explanation of using and making models and theories.

Introduction to Module 23:47

Introduction—Types of Models/Local Explanatory Models9:00

Explanatory Models: Learning From Local Perspectives16:35

Malaria, River Blindness: Meanings and Interpretations23:50

Conheça os instrutores

William Brieger, DrPH
Professor, Health Systems Program of the Department of International Health
Bloomberg School of Public Health

We hope that you found our first module and

lectures helpful in expanding your understanding of human behavior.

In this module, in module two, we will explore two important concepts.

The first is that any theoretical model to be strong and

useful must be built on the way local people explain their

circumstances and their life in their own culture.

Much of what we are presenting in these lectures draws on my 40 years experience

in Nigeria, and other African countries,

working on malaria and other tropical health issues.

So we've tried to ground our courses in these experiences.

A local cultural explanatory model for dengue fever might start with learning

from the community members what types of febrile illnesses they usually experience,

using their own local names for these illnesses.

Are there different types of fevers?

How do they distinguish these?

Do they have a name for dengue in particular?

What do they think causes dengue?

In some communities, for example,

people have difficulty distinguishing dengue fever from malaria fever.

They may call dengue heavy, strong, or male malaria because the joint pains and

aches are much worse than one experiences with malaria.

Then we need to find out how people explain the cause of dengue.

Do they associate it with mosquitoes?

Can they differentiate the mosquitoes that cause malaria

from the mosquitoes that cause dengue?

Do they think dengue is caused by certain food or drink?

We finally need to consider what people do about treatment.

While there is no readily available drug for

the dengue virus, people might take palliative medicines, herbal medicines.

We need to consider how we might convince people to seek help

at a clinic if they believe their own remedies are successful.

It would be difficult.

And if we could offer no cure, that posses a problem.

How can we encourage people to cover their water pots to prevent dengue-carrying

mosquitoes if they have other ideas about the cause of the disease?

So in some, whether it is common cold or cancer, people will have local

explanations and descriptions and perceptions that must be understood and

taken into account when planning behavior change interventions.

Finally we'll look at the most basic theoretical model, the force field.

Here we can start considering what it will take to encourage people to practice

a behavior like covering their water pots.

There are both driving and restraining forces in this force field.

Each force has a valence or strength.

For example, how strongly negative is the force that relates to people thinking

the cause of the disease is not mosquitoes?

How difficult is that to change?

In the local setting are cost and convenience of obtaining and

using a water drum or pot cover.

Are these serious factors?

From the force field analysis,

we can start to think of interventions that can minimize the negative, or

restraining forces, and maximize the positive, or driving forces.

Thank you for listening to our lectures, and while you do,

start thinking about common health problems in your own area and put together

your own explanatory models in force field analysis based on community understanding.

This will help you better understand your own setting.

Thank you.

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