À PROPOS DU COURS A quoi sert le Grand Paris ? Qu'est ce qui se joue dans la transformation du rapport Paris/banlieue ? "A la recherche du Grand Paris" est un Mooc orignal qui associe des paroles d'habitants, des témoignages de représentants d'associations, d'experts, de chercheurs, mais aussi des images d'archives et documents, des analyses comparatives avec Londres et Bruxelles ou d'autres villes françaises. Le Mooc combine des approches historiques et comparatives, des sujets de controverse, questionne les notions d'échelles et les enjeux du Grand Paris. Il traite des évolutions de Paris et de la région parisienne, de questions de ségrégation sociale et ethnique, de développement économique, de sécurité, d'environnement, de logement, de transport, d'aménagement, d'éducation, de culture. LES ENSEIGNANTS Patrick Le Galès Patrick Le Galès est politiste et sociologue, directeur de recherche CNRS au Centre d’études européennes de Sciences Po et professeur à Sciences Po. Il est le doyen de la nouvelle Ecole urbaine de Sciences Po Ses recherches comparatives s’organisent autour de trois thématiques : Sociologie urbaine, mobilités, sociologie de l’Europe ; Gouvernance, Action publique, transformation de l’État ; Sociologie économique. PRÉREQUIS Ce Mooc est un cours qui s’adresse à un public large. Il traite des questions et enjeux lié au développement du Grand Paris, il ne nécessite aucun prérequis PLAN DU COURS Séance 1 : Métropolisation et développement économique Séance 2 : Peuplement et migrations Séance 3 : Logement et aménagement Séance 4 : Transports et mobilité Séance 5 : Risques sécuritaires et environnementaux Séance 6 : Culture et éducation Chaque séance est composée de six sous-sections sur le modèle suivant : 1 - Introduction 2 - Approche historique 3 - Echelles et enjeux contemporains 4 - Débats & controverses 5 - Approche comparative 6 - Conclusion (et forum) ÉVALUATION Un section QCM est proposée en fin de Mooc. EQUIPE PÉDAGOGIQUE Héloïse Thibault, Valentine Quinio, Judith Lienhard, Ninon Beillard, Juliette Guichardet, Odile Gaultier-Voituriez, Miyuki Tsuchiya, Maxime Crépel, Pôle Audiovisuel Sciences Po CONDITIONS D'UTILISATION Conditions d’utilisation du contenu du cours Droits réservés Licence restrictive : la production relève de la propriété intellectuelle de son auteur et ne peut donc pas être réutilisée. Conditions d’utilisation des contenus produits par les participants Droits réservés Licence restrictive : la production relève de la propriété intellectuelle de son auteur et ne peut donc pas être réutilisée. PARTENAIRES Mairie de Paris | Ecole urbaine de SciencesPo Paris | Grand Public
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PEUPLEMENT & MIGRATIONS
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Patrick Le Galès
Centre d'études européennes
"Searching for the Grand Paris"
"How to deal with housing vulnerable populations around Paris?"
-The saturation comes from two issues.
First, Paris attracts a lot of people who come seek refuge here,
from France or other countries, Paris is the gateway.
The second issue is that we are stuck in our system.
Over 40 000 shelter places were created during the last presidency.
Our shelter capacity has increased by over a third across the country.
But it is not enough
because people do not leave the system quickly enough.
The first reason is that there is not enough housing in Ile-de-France,
and it is the main issue in the area.
We are campaigning for an increase in housing capacity,
but more than that,
for a virtuous system which would take into account eviction prevention,
our capacity to accommodate newcomers and help them move on quickly.
So we need global public policies across the metropolis.
Today, most shelter places are still in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis.
Trying to recreate equality across the territory takes a long time
if only because, in order to build a shelter,
prices in the west are not the same as in the east, so we look in the east.
The offer of social accommodation is also mostly in the east.
We will progressively recreate a balance
with unwavering political motivation, which is not always present.
We would need a clear impulsion at the regional level.
Locally, selfishness takes over when it comes to accommodation policies.
One thing we noticed
is that the joint desire from the regional prefecture,
from ADRIL, the governmental services for housing and accommodation,
from the city of Paris and associations,
helped handle the status of 9 000 people from Parisian camps,
who we called "migrants" but who were a new wave of asylum applicants,
with an actual desire to seek available housing and to use it.
In my opinion, today, with a real political impulsion and will,
we could do the same thing for all homeless people.
Our goal is to aim more and more for what we call "accompanied housing".
The faster we can set people up in a place where they can stay,
while enjoying the social and medical support that they need
depending on their issues and for as long as needed,
the better, as people will stay put.
Today, the solution involving "revolving doors",
in other words moving endlessly from one shelter to the next,
does not seem the most appropriate.
In any case, we will always need safety nets,
as there will always be a minority who will trip
and need help to start over.
This is why I want to reverse the trend.
Today, when we try to create a shelter, we are often unwelcome,
at first at least, and then we usually end up pretty well-integrated,
with a good and respectful relationship with our neighbors.
We have issues until we are all set up.
I would like to reverse this trend and make local authorities understand
that the installation of a supervized and accompanied shelter
is a positive thing for the town.
I would also like to point out that homeless people, today,
are no longer vagrants who have been in the streets for 30 years.
They are single mothers, women who suffered domestic abuse,
young people who came to Paris looking for a job,
and because of housing costs, could not find a place.
There are all kinds of people,
most of whom only want to escape the vicious circle as soon as possible.
"What separates 'Les Grands Voisins' from other projects?"
Les Grands Voisins used to be the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul hospital.
Originally, the hospital was still working.
It emptied progressively to move to Cochin, on a different site.
We occupy two buildings, so we have about 200 places,
and a little more in the winter.
The hospital will close and we are in talks
with Martin Hirsch and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.
They can either hire guards with dogs for five years,
that would be enough time for such a program,
over 60 000 square meters and 9 acres, to take off,
or they can hand over management of the site to us.
Instead of a ghetto for poor people,
we want to create an animated place to attract economic and cultural actors
and people from the area.
Today, I think we have risen to the challenge.
The Grands Voisins site houses 600 people,
200 economic actors,
from small companies, start-ups or artisans to associations,
such as Cultures du cœur or Les Petits débrouillards.
We have a lot of associations, feminists collectives, for instance.
We are also very open to the neighborhood,
since people come take their Sunday walk during the holidays.
We rose to the challenge.
Our goal today is to occupy spaces temporarily in a smart way.
So the question for the future is whether at the level of the metropolis,
we can reflect and try to anticipate smartly
in order to have temporary occupations
which bring with them energies which are desperate to merge together,
from young entrepreneurs, for instance.
Les Grands Voisins shows
that we can occupy an old factory, hang art and have drinks in there,
but we can also bring a social dimension
and provide accommodation.
As we were saying, accommodation is no longer an issue,
it becomes one actor among many.
Thus, we help people in shelters find their place more easily,
while also creating new jobs.
And our residents can get these jobs or serve the community,
so it really is a win-win.
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