There are many kinds of indicator that can be used to assess the coverage and
quality of universal health coverage systems.
And this slide shows examples of many of them.
They can be divided into promotion and prevention indicators.
That is, measures of how well their health system is working to protect health.
And treatment indicators,
which are measures of how well it handles conditions.
In the promotion and prevention column of this table, you can see improved water and
adequate sanitation which protect against basic diarrheal diseases which
are major killers in developing nations.
A range of vaccinations such as DPT and
Polio, which are necessary early childhood interventions.
Having at least four more antenatal care visits from a skilled birth provider for
pregnant women.
Seeking care for acute respiratory infections and diarrhea,
in order to prevent the spread of these preventable diseases.
And two important behavioral measures,
which are reducing the use of solid fuels and reducing the use of tobacco,
both of which are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and
lower respiratory infections in developing settings.
In treatment, we have access to treatment for
acute respiratory infections and diarrhea.
We have access to skilled birth attendants,
so actually being able to get a skilled birth attendant when you deliver.
Delivery in an institution rather than at the home for pregnant women.
And for non-communicable diseases, we have diabetes control and hypertension control,
which are two important ways of preventing death and
injury due to these non-communicable diseases.
So we can measure any or all of these indicators when we try to
assess the progress of universal health coverage systems.