Hi. Welcome again to this last, session of this, set of, of analyses on the relationship between neurons, brains and societies. And we've talked today about the social management of emotions. So emotions are not just innate emotions. Because they also become part of our cultural codes and regulate our activities. From several anthropological ethnographies and philosophical analysis of social codes, we can see that emotions are the core of any social system. Because those emotional quali, qualifications of actions create pardons for, of action. For example, nationalism, patriotism, group belonging feelings are related to feelings. And positive or negative attitudes and, and, and actions toward the reinforcement. Or behave, a punishment of some behavior. Related to these kind of feelings. We can see also that the reproductive strategies. For example, somebody can have kids with somebody but not with somebody else. Or the strategies collective or, or by long time couples from same sexes or not. These is, are really social strategies. For example, these the, the, creation of, of a social bonds, that bonds the social dependent. For example, the relationship between the interaction amongst family members and, and the size of these exten, extension of the family are for example, that some collective requirements for example, related to security, sanity sanitary or fo, the creation with infrastructures that make possible a more good life. So we need to understand that, the political consequences of, of how we feel that we are emotionally are very important. For example, that there are two confucianist philosophers who talk about the nature of human beings Meng Zi talk about about the nature of, of man as naturally good but corrupted by society. But on the other, on the contrary, Xun Tzi talk about the innately bad nature of, of men. At the same time, thanks to the creation of the society, was possible to maintain some current. These, these kind of of, of views were rebellious 20 centuries later, by philosophers, French philosophers like, Rousseau or British Hobbes. So we can see that. When we can see that the nature is good, we're talking about the preservation of this good nature and, and we are forcing all the structure of the social structure towards edu, the education, and, and to the maintaining of the good nature of human beings. But on the contrary, when we about a intrinsic nature of human beings, we are forced to understand the control over humans like a rep, repressive action a necessity of violence of, of, acting violently, over other humans because humans, can only be controlled by strong forces. Each human guy is a wolf for the rest of guys, we are dangerous for, for our clothes humans. So just taking into account how we consider the basic emotional attitude toward the, the, the human spirit can just be just defied and different and completely contradictory model of how society must be designed, just because of how we feel that all of us think, thinks. The same time we can see that, for example, eastern views on, on how is possible and which is the, the, the meaning of life. And for, for, what Easterns and at least for the Aristotle on ethics, humans want to be happy. But for Western thinkers and we can consider their, the, the ideas of Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha, he considered that humans, really what they want and that they need to do is to avoid pain. So life goals are very different in, in, in those cases because despite of both of our being ran within a social s, sphere it's really the same considering that the final end and, and necessary direction of our life is to obtain happiness or to avoid painful, input. So the same, feeling can be very different and it create social strategies of social reward, of, of social order, of, of social structure that is based on emotional views about the human nature. And it's a very important thing. We can construct political systems just trying to optimize some kind of emo, emotional input and processes. And justifying them things to hypothetical basis of the human nature. For example, why do we respect the law? Because we feel good doing so. But why we feel good? But why our brain rewards us when we are acting, following our good action? Because surely we have, we have been trained. For that kind of action, at home, at school, at work. At the, we can see that. We are following internal control patterns that are embedded by external values. At the same time, when we feel bad, when we are doing that. We can feel on be fined economically or a time to boy to go to jail or trying not to be ashamed because police is annoying us or neighbors are talking about what are we doing and this is like an external control. So if you think carefully, most of our actions are related to emotional managements or words that are socially constructive. So emotions are socially shaped at the same time, emo, specific emotional states and valuate, and values create a specific social tendency and moral is based on emotional regression, even at the ethical level. And I just asked you, to think, sensibly and without. About how we decide things, and why we decide things. Surely, it's because of the emotional content of these possible scenarios. Thank you so much, hope to see you into the next session.
