Planning for climate change in Kampala, Uganda

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Do curso por United Cities and Local Governments of Africa

Planning for Climate Change in African Cities

42 classificações

United Cities and Local Governments of Africa

Planning for Climate Change in African Cities

42 classificações

Climate change poses a threat to economic growth and long-term prosperity of many countries around the world. Africa is not an exception, considering the actual and potential impacts of climate change and climate variability that will threaten its vulnerable sectors and human populations. African countries are projected to experience changing rainfall patterns, rising sea levels, and higher temperatures that will affect food security, agricultural production, water availability, and public health, among others. These climate change impacts and climate variability can further produce social and political problems, such as rural-urban migration and water resource disputes. Furthermore, the low levels of development in many African countries, as well as limited institutional, infrastructural, and technical capacities to respond successfully to climate change impacts and climate variability, can exacerbate the situation. In terms of contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, although African countries are the lightest polluters, it has also become apparent that alternative energy sources can offset the increasing energy demand and dependence on biomass. Addressing climate change offers possibilities for low-carbon development. Moreover, there are promising mechanisms that can address both climate change actions and development goals simultaneously. At the city level, strengthening resilience, or the ability to respond to and absorb the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner and to sustain this ability in the future, and adaptation; the process of adjusting to actual or expected climate change stimuli or their effects, should be at the forefront of planning. Local governments have an important role to play through the provision of adequate infrastructure, regulation of land use, and other public services that are crucial for urban resilience. Mobilizing local governments, in collaboration with national governments, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations, among others, is also critical for an integrated multi-sectoral approach to climate change. The Course on Planning for Climate Change in African Cities provides the foundation for understanding cities’ exposure and sensitivity to climate change, and how cities can manage these impacts in the face of growing uncertainty. It does so by introducing the basic concepts of urban resilience and adaptation, by using illustrative case studies in different African cities. Furthermore, this module provides lectures on the different approaches for climate change planning, whether ad hoc, strategic or mainstreaming; introduces the different steps in the planning cycle – from initial assessment to monitoring and evaluation; and presents the different decision support and assessment tools for prioritizing climate change actions. This course broadens the discussion on planning for climate change by engaging learners to apply their knowledge and practice their decision-making skills in a simulated exercise. In line with development that minimizes the harm caused by climate change impacts, while maximizing the many human development opportunities presented by a more resilient future, we ask: what are the connections between urban risk and vulnerability? How is climate change and urban resilience conceptualized and applied in practice? Which policies and measures should be introduced to address climate change? Finally, how to choose among different measures that address climate change adaptation, urban resilience, and other development objectives? Course Objectives: At the end of this course, learners should be able to: • Recognize the effects, impacts, and drivers of climate change in cities • Understand the drivers of urban risk and vulnerability in the context of climate change • Distinguish the typologies, approaches, and tensions of climate change adaptation • Explain the different approaches and steps in climate change planning • Examine the decision support and assessment tools for climate change • Develop a climate change plan based on participants’ city contexts

Na lição

Planning for Climate Change

In previous videos, you have learnt about the impacts of climate change in cities. We have two main activities to undertake in order to reduce these impacts, namely mitigation and adaptation. In week four, we focus on the process of planning for climate change in cities. This series of videos discusses the planning approaches that cities can take to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Planning plays a key role in helping our cities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. First, we introduce the approaches to planning, namely ad-hoc, strategic, and mainstreaming. Then we discuss the main steps of planning for climate change, from greenhouse gas emissions inventory and vulnerability assessments to setting of objectives and targets, assessment, selection, and implementation of measures, and lastly, monitoring and evaluation. Additionally, we provide practical examples of both climate change mitigation and adaptation planning in African cities. In video 7 you will learn that even the best-laid plans do not work sometimes. There can be barriers along the way and this video provides you with knowledge regarding the existing barriers of implementing these actions in practice. Finally, in video 8, we also highlight the guiding principles for city climate action planning.

Planning for climate change in Kampala, Uganda11:43

Climate Change Mitigation in Kampala City10:02

Urban Adaption in Action: Experiences from Kampala10:42

Conheça os instrutores

Veronica Olivotto
Expert, Climate Change Adaptation
Institute for Housing and Urban Studies (IHS), Erasmus University Rotterdam
Dr. Shuaib Lwasa
Associate Professor
Geography Geoinformatics and Climatic Sciences , Makerere University
Prof. Andy Gouldson

School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds
Marcus Mayr
Associate Human Settlements Officer
Climate Change Planning Unit, UN-Habitat
Dr. Stelios Grafakos
Head of Urban Environment and Climate Change Group
Institute for Housing and Urban Studies (IHS), Erasmus University Rotterdam
Dr. David Dodman
Director of the Human Settlements Group
International Institute for Environment and Development
Dr. Diana Reckien
Associate Professor
Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, University of Twente
Dr. Nathalie Jean Baptiste

Team Leader Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University

Hello. I am Shuaib Lwsa,

an associate professor in urban planning,

urban sustainability on climate change at Makerere University University in Uganda.

I have been involved in a series of activities that have culminated into planning for

climate change and formulation of the Climate Action Plan for Kampala city since 2008.

In the last video you received an overview of

planning for climate change adaptation and mitigation in cities.

Do you still remember the steps of planning for climate change in cities?

In this video, we will take a closer look at

how Kampala city developed its climate change action plan

from greenhouse gas emissions inventory and vulnerability

assessment to setting up on objectives and targets.

I will also explain how climate change actions were assessed and selected.

And I will describe the mechanisms for implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

At the end of this video you should be able to discuss

how these climate change planning process is done in practice.

Kampala, in Uganda, is one of the pioneering cities on

the African continent to develop

climate change action for both mitigation and adaptation.

The motivation for action is because the city is facing

challenges that include: Rapid development,

high levels of urban poverty,

demographic change and increasing climate change impacts.

Therefore, the city has to address climate change risk accordingly.

But how exactly did the city of Kampala conduct the climate change planning process?

Through a participative process led by

Kampala Capital City Authority and funded by the French Development Agency.

There were consultations within

Kampala Capital City Authority directorates and other public agencies.

These discussions were complemented by

public consultation workshops and

the piloting of communication tools about climate change.

A dialogue meeting was organized at the end of the profiling of climate change to

get feedback on the different elements that can be integrated into Climate Action Plan.

Kampala conducted a vulnerability assessment to climate change in 2008.

Based on this vulnerability assessment,

Kampala is vulnerable to a number of risks.

Extreme rainfall that leads to frequent flash floods.

More hot days than monthly average,

hot days leading to heat waves and the extreme weather events are

compounded by a number of factors that include the patterns of land-use development,

location, inadequate infrastructure,

nature of building practices and social vulnerabilities.

The livelihoods and the urban population in general,

in Kampala are at high risk.

A flood risk management strategy forwarded in 2012 that looked at

the drivers of flood risk and

the options for reducing flood risk by adapting to climate change.

And in 2013 an economic evaluation of climate change impacts was

also connected to estimate the cost of action or inaction at city level.

The evaluation shows that the cost of adapting to climate change in Kampala will

increase from seven point three million dollars in 2013 to

between 33 and one hundred and two million U.S. dollars equivalent by

2050 if measures for reducing the risk on impacts are not put in place.

Then, a city level greenhouse gas emissions inventory was conducted to determine

the emission levels by sectors in the city using

a global protocol for community scale greenhouse gas emissions inventory.

The assessments were followed by

profiling an additional assessment of climate change actions,

actions that were assessed based on

four principles: the reduction or avoidance of emissions,

the benefits to communities,

reduction of climate risk and transformation of city management approaches.

Finally, the Climate Change Action Plan was

formulated in the run up to the Paris meeting in 2015.

The Climate Change Action charter was signed by different actors in the city and

Kampala City Authority committed in Paris

as one of the cities to take action on mitigating climate change.

In Kampala capital city,

Climate Action plan was approved with a number of objectives: Climate Change Adaptation,

Climate Change Mitigation and Urban Mobility and Energy Transitions.

In respect to adaptation,

the objectives include: Reduction of

the number of people exposed to the impacts of climate change,

Reduction of losses resulting from climate change related disasters,

to devolve well-planned and integrated neighborhoods,

to reduce damaged public infrastructure and interruptions to day to day city operations,

to revitalize ecosystems and public spaces.

The climate change mitigation actions have

specific targets that include: a 10% reduction in energy demand from local production.

A 20% decrease in use of charcoal for cooking and move towards renewable energy.

A 22% reduction of energy intensity as business as

usual scenario for Kampala Capital City Authority as an institution.

To summarize, the Kampala Climate Change Action plan addresses

three issues: short to long term adaptation to climate change impacts,

shifting to a low emissions development pathway for the city,

and transforming the threat of climate change

into opportunity for residents where possible.

A total of 50 actions from the sectors of waste, energy, mobility,

land use and built environment as well as

crosscutting issues included in the Kampala Climate Change Action Plan.

The Kampala Climate Change Action Plan provides information about the specific actions,

the time frame, the approach of implementation of

that action and the responsible actor or actors for implementing the action.

Thus, a clear structure and responsibility is provided.

For example, under the sector of energy,

specific actors were outlined such as: Public transportation devolvement systems,

light rail or bus rapid transit and formulating an integrated urban mobility plan.

For each action the schedule for the implementation is specified and

the strategy for monitoring short to long term actions defined.

Furthermore, the responsible authorities are

identified and these include Kampala Capital City Authority,

the Ministry of Works, the private sector,

academic institutions, communities all of which are included, among others.

To achieve the objectives of the action plan,

a number of steps have been defined.

One of which is to create enabling environment by Kampala Capital City Authority.

Enabling environment in terms of improving city specific policy, regulations,

creating incentives and community development programs

that are geared towards reducing climate risk.

To initialize this process,

Kampala Capital City Authority successfully received a grant from

the European Union in early 2017 to create

an enabling environment on city level to

create policies that would implement the Climate Action Plan.

On the approaches on how to best implement the actions were also identified and

these include: Kampala Capital City Authority leading on climate action by example,

as a role model on actions like managing new assets for KCCA on facilities,

green procurement and energy mix for the institution,

as some of the areas in which it's leading by example.

Partnerships are considered important as another strategy,

especially public-private with government agencies and with communities.

In addition, having development partners and academics or

other institutions is envisaged to help realise these actions.

Additionally, sharing of information or knowledge is important in raising awareness

encouraging in video actions by stakeholders which are

all important to implement the climate change action plan.

Last but not least,

innovation and technology are critically important for

developing adequate climate change action plan and putting it into implementation.

This is meant to evolve as more learning about

specific mitigation and adaptation measures comes by.

To measure the progress,

six steps have been developed.

Stakeholders will have to report

their actions and monitor the diversity of outreach at different levels.

Internal and external monitoring by implementing

lead agencies to continuously assess the actions.

Assessing what and how many people have been

reached and what platforms have been used for different actions.

And to date, progress is being documented.

Pilot projects initialising and those that existed are being spot up.

Best practices will be documented and shared for lessons learned.

In this video, I-

you have seen how the city of Kampala developed its climate action plan.

Having gone through the steps, the assessment,

the selection measures for implementation,

the plan and actions to implement as well as monitoring an evaluation.

Would you want to learn more about Climate Change planning in Kampala?

In the next video,

I'll focus on the experiences of Kampala in planning Climate Change Mitigation Actions,

particularly on accounting for greenhouse gas emissions and

how that accounting was used in developing the climate change action plan.

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