6 Controlled Adjustments

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The Bilingual Brain

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University of Houston System

The Bilingual Brain

158 classificações

This course explores the brain bases of bilingualism by discussing literature relevant to differences in age of initial learning, proficiency, and control in the nonverbal, single language and dual-language literature. Participants will learn about the latest research related to how humans learn one or two languages and other cognitive skills.

Na lição

Week 6

Office Hours 615:48

6 Controlled Adjustments3:37

6.1 Control and the Brain9:00

6.2 How Do We Learn Control?16:38

6.3 Brain Development and Control0:45

6.4 From Control to Flexibility5:31

6.5 Changes in Task Switching Across Development4:10

6.6 Aging and the Eroding Prefrontal Cortex5:07

6.7 Control And Language8:39

Conheça os instrutores

Arturo E. Hernandez
Professor
Psychology

[MUSIC]

In the previous sections of this course, we considered age of acquisition and

proficiency as two predictors or ways of looking at the bilingual brain.

And in those sections, we looked first at the nature of each of those factors

in the monolingual literature and in the non-language literature.

And then we proceeded to look at it within the bilingual literature.

And we'll take a similar type of approach when we think about cognitive control.

Control was first introduced into literature by Putzel.

Putzel found this patient who seemed to be stuck in a language,

at least that was how Putzel described this patient to be.

And so, the idea arose that there was a language switch,

that there was some mechanism that allowed people to either switch into one language

or switch to another.

And in this case, the switch wasn't functioning as well, and so

the patient was stuck.

Examples of control exist in everyday life.

There's a well documented literature on the effects of driving and

multitasking, during driving and what type of control is needed.

And I'll talk a little bit about that in, in a few minutes.

One example I like to give is when I think about cooking.

So, when I used to cook dinner, I would always start in the way that I ate.

So, I would think about the protein and

I would cook the protein, if it was chicken or fish or meat.

And then I would think about the vegetables.

And then I would think about the carbohydrate, whether that's rice, or

it could be spaghetti, or something of that sort, and quinoa.

And so, what would happen was that I would have all the protein done.

And then we would be, everybody would be hungry, basically almost at the table,

and we'd be waiting for the rice or waiting for the quinoa.

And over time, what began to happen is that I began to plan my meals.

So I began to think, okay, what takes the longest?

Well, it turns out the carbohydrates sometimes takes the longest to cook, so

I better start that first.

Then I know the, the vegetables cook relatively quickly, but it, it,

they may be a little bit slow, and the protein is actually relatively fast.

So, I began to order everything so that it would be ready at about the same time.

And by doing this planning, I was using control.

I was planning through.

I was strategically choosing what to start when.

And of course, over time, as I got better and

better, it required less control and I could then cook without thinking as much.

But there was a point there where I needed to exert control in order to

be able to really think about how the meal was going to turn out and

how to plan effectively.

And it's in those types of activities that we see the effect of control.

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