Matter & Radiation introduction video

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Do curso por University of Arizona

Astronomia: Explorando oTempo e Espaço

1000 classificações

University of Arizona

Astronomia: Explorando oTempo e Espaço

1000 classificações

This course is designed for anyone who is interested in learning more about modern astronomy. We will help you get up to date on the most recent astronomical discoveries while also providing support at an introductory level for those who have no background in science.

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Matter and Radiation

Astronomers harvest information across the electromagnetic spectrum, using spectra to measure the composition of distant objects and diagnose extreme physical conditions.

Matter & Radiation introduction video2:08

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Chris Impey
Distinguished Professor
Astronomy

In this section of the class, we'll be talking about the fundamental principles

of matter and radiation that underlie the subject of astronomy.

We'll talk about the structure of matter, the distinction between atoms,

molecules, ions, and isotopes, and also how atoms are put together,

from tiny compact nuclei and large clouds of negatively charged electrons.

We'll also talk about new information on the sub-structure of matter,

indicating that protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles but

made of quarks and hinting at an even deeper level of

structure which may be interpretable in string theory.

We'll look at radiation as well and the equivalence of matter and

radiation in terms of Einstein's famous equation E equals MC squared.

Well consider the different forms of energy which in

the universe are interchangeable.

The most profound form of energy that we'll deal with in this class is light and

other types of electromagnetic radiation.

They're all unified in terms of being electromagnetic waves travelling at

the same speed 300 thousand kilometers per second in a vacuum.

Radiation is fundamental to how we understand the universe.

Astronomers not only collect radiation, but they disperse it

by wavelength into spectra, and spectroscopy is a key tool of astronomy.

So we'll look at what can be learned from spectroscopy, which enables us to remotely

diagnose the composition, temperature, and even density of remote astronomical

objects, such as stars, compact remnants of stars, and even entire galaxies.

Then, we'll look at matter.

And in particular, the theory of gravity that underlies all the structure of

the universe, from planets to stars to galaxies.

The theory of gravity, from Isaac Newton,

applies in almost every location in the universe.

But in the early 20th century Einstein developed a new concept of

gravity that applies more accurately in regions where the gravity is strong.

This is general relativity and we need it to understand not only black holes and

neutron stars but also the entire universe and its evolution.

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