Stress Test - More Testing, Submit and Pass!

Loading...

Do curso por University of California San Diego

Algorithmic Toolbox

4088 classificações

University of California San Diego

Algorithmic Toolbox

4088 classificações

Curso 1 de 6 em Specialization Data Structures and Algorithms

The course covers basic algorithmic techniques and ideas for computational problems arising frequently in practical applications: sorting and searching, divide and conquer, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming. We will learn a lot of theory: how to sort data and how it helps for searching; how to break a large problem into pieces and solve them recursively; when it makes sense to proceed greedily; how dynamic programming is used in genomic studies. You will practice solving computational problems, designing new algorithms, and implementing solutions efficiently (so that they run in less than a second).

Na lição

Programming Challenges

Welcome to the first module of Data Structures and Algorithms! Here we will provide an overview of where algorithms and data structures are used (hint: everywhere) and walk you through a few sample programming challenges. The programming challenges represent an important (and often the most difficult!) part of this specialization because the only way to fully understand an algorithm is to implement it. Writing correct and efficient programs is hard; please don’t be surprised if they don’t work as you planned—our first programs did not work either! We will help you on your journey through the specialization by showing how to implement your first programming challenges. We will also introduce testing techniques that will help increase your chances of passing assignments on your first attempt. In case your program does not work as intended, we will show how to fix it, even if you don’t yet know which test your implementation is failing on.

Solving the Maximum Pairwise Product Programming Challenge: Improving the Naive Solution, Testing, Debugging13:37

Stress Test - Implementation8:22

Stress Test - Find the Test and Debug7:49

Stress Test - More Testing, Submit and Pass!8:45

Conheça os instrutores

Alexander S. Kulikov
Visiting Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Michael Levin
Lecturer
Computer Science
Neil Rhodes
Adjunct Faculty
Computer Science and Engineering
Pavel Pevzner
Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Daniel M Kane
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering / Department of Mathematics

In this video, we will do more testing first, and

then submit our main solution to the system, and see how it goes.

By the end, you will be fully prepared to test your programming

assignments in the future.

For some small tests with a small n and small numbers,

we cannot actually find any tests in which our solutions differ.

That doesn't yet mean that both our solutions work.

Maybe they will break for

bigger values of n, or for bigger values of the input numbers.

Let's check for that.

So we stop our problem with a control-C.

We go into the code, again.

And, we increase back the restrictions on n, on the numbers.

For example, n will be up to 100.

And the numbers will be up to 100,000,

the maximum value permitted in the problem statement.

We save the code, recompile, and launch the stress test again.

And now we see that, again,

our screen is filling with numbers and sometimes words OK.

But, there are many more numbers in each test, and the numbers are bigger.

And still we're waiting and waiting and nothing happens.

Our program just proceeds filling the screen with OKs.

So, maybe it works.

Or maybe we can test for even bigger values of n, because the numbers we

used for testing are already big, but n is not that big yet.

So, let's estimate what is the value of n for which we still can test.

Our slow solution works in quadratic time.

So, testing on 100,000 numbers would be probably too long.

So maybe we can test for a value of n up to 1,000.

Let's do that, recompile, launch the stress test again.

So now our screen is almost completely filled with numbers.

But we will know if we find a test in which our program breaks,

because it will then stop.

And as soon as it doesn't stop and proceeds filling our screen with

numbers, it means that for all those tests, everything works correctly.

So by now, we're pretty sure that our solution should work correctly.

We stop the stress test.

And now we want to make it back a solution to the initial problem on the stress test.

And to do that, we go to the main function, and we comment out

the while loop, which implements the stress test.

And now, everything else in the main loop is the solution of the initial problem.

So, that's it, we can probably already submit this file.

So let's save it, and just in case, recompile it.

And test it on some simple test case.

For example, we input number two as the two numbers.

And then three and five as the input numbers.

What we see is, instead of just number 15, on the screen,

we also see some number one and zero.

What is that?

Well, disregarding what is that,

if we submitted this exact solution to the system, we would get an incorrect result

on the first test we encounter in the system, because we only have to

output the correct answer to the problem and nothing else to their output.

And that is a very frequent mistake that people do

in their first programming assignment, so please beware of that.

Please only output what is stated in the problem statement and

nothing more than that, nothing less than that.

So in this case, we only need to output number 15.

So let's fix this additional output.

Now we probably already guessed that this additional output is this debug

output of indices, which our fast solution finds.

So let's comment this also out.

Save the file, recompile, and launch our program again.

And then input the same test.

Now we see that it only outputs 15, which is the correct answer.

So now, we're pretty safe.

We can try to submit that solution to Coursera, actually.

So, let's go and do that.

So we create a new submission, and

we upload the file, the file is stress_test.cpp.

That is the file with which we worked, right now.

We wait for it to upload.

And then, we submit.

Now we have to wait for the grader to grade our solution.

And, great, it passed in the system.

This illustrates the stress test technique.

But let us give you some additional advice.

First, you notice that the stress test magically gave us the test in

which our main solution and alternative solution differed very quickly.

But that's not always the case.

For example, in this problem, max pairwise product,

the only test cases on which our main and alternative solution differed

were the test cases where the two biggest numbers are the same.

And that's a rare event,

especially when you generate big random numbers from zero to 100,000.

So we were actually lucky to quickly generate such a test.

And that's true in the general case.

Often, the cases when there are equal numbers are some kinds of corner cases.

Also, the same happens when you are working, for example,

with strings of Latin letters and, the cases where the strings

only contain one letter, A, or only contain two different letters, for

example A and B, as opposed to strings which can contain arbitrary Latin letters.

Those cases with only a few different letters are sometimes corner cases.

So, when you want to do stress testing and you cannot

find quickly a test on which your main solution and alternative solution differ,

try to generate tests in a more focused subspace of full possible tests.

For example, if you are working with graphs,

try generating a disconnected graph, a full graph, a bipartite graph.

Another important point is that if you found a test in which

your solutions differ, don't hurry to debug something.

First try to generate the smallest and

easiest test on which your solutions differ.

This will simplify your debugging a lot.

Don't expect stress testing to be a silver bullet.

For example, it probably won't find out that your main solution is too slow

because your alternative solution will probably be even slower,

some brute force solution.

And you will have to generate only small random tests to compare them.

In other cases, integer overflow.

Even if you generate random tests with big numbers,

both of your solutions could potentially have integer overflow problems.

And then you will not notice that your main solution has them in the stress test.

So first, test for those cases, and then apply stress testing.

However, if you've done manual tests, integer overflow testing, and max test, and

then apply stress testing, you're almost guaranteed to have success with it.

Because the authors of the problem do basically the same when they

make the test sets for you.

They make some manual tests, they make tests with big numbers for

integer flow, they make big tests for checking time limit, and

then they generate some random tests and maybe some focused random tests.

But that's all.

So, you will probably find all the traps they've set up for you with just testing.

In conclusion, know that it is very important to write programs that work on

all of the allowed test cases, not just on most of the allowed test cases.

In practice, if you write programs with bugs that only rarely reveal themselves,

still some of your users will encounter those bugs, and

their experience will deteriorate significantly.

Also, sometimes in the start of a project, you want to test some hypothesis and

you write some code to check it.

Then you get some results and base your decisions on that result.

Only to later learn that you had a bug in the code and

all your decisions were wrong.

That's why we've prepared thorough test suites to check all the aspects of your problems.

And here, stress testing will be very helpful when your solution fails on some

test and you don't even know what is the test on which your program fails.

We hide the tests on purpose.

In real life, you often also won't know what are the exact conditions

under which your program fails.

But now, you are fully prepared to test your programs, debug them, and fix them.

Explore nosso catálogo

Registre-se gratuitamente e obtenha recomendações, atualizações e ofertas personalizadas.

O Coursera proporciona acesso universal à melhor educação do mundo fazendo parcerias com as melhores universidades e organizações para oferecer cursos on-line.

© 2019 Coursera Inc. Todos os direitos reservados.

Baixar na App Store

Baixar no Google Play