Cohesion and Coherence

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Do curso por Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Academic Literacy

100 classificações

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Academic Literacy

100 classificações

Curso 1 de 5 em Specialization English for Research Publication Purposes

This is the first course of the English for Research Publication Purposes Specialization. The course is an introduction to what you need to know about academic discourse. You’ll gain important critical reading skills to help you develop as a self-critical scientific writer. You will learn practical tools and effective strategies for increasing your academic vocabulary and grammar so that you will write well-structured coherent academic texts.

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MODULE IV : ACADEMIC DISCOURSE

The final module looks beyond the sentence to the ways that grammar structures paragraphs and longer texts. The module covers issues related to the textuality ofacademic texts, i.e. cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, andintertextuality. In particular, the module focuses on lexical and grammatical cohesion. The modulealso discusses the concept of paragraphing and what the topic sentence and the statement ofpurpose mean for effective academic writing.

Introductory video3:03

Cohesion and Coherence6:24

Types of Cohesion6:10

Grammatical Cohesion8:06

Conheça os instrutores

Elena Bazanova
Director of the Language Training and Testing Center
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

[MUSIC]

The text is what is read but its textuality is how it is read.

An interpretation of the text arises in that the textuality is

understood as the many structures of the text.

Textuality is a practice, through its textuality the text makes itself mean,

makes itself be, and makes itself come about in a particular way.

Because of its textuality, the text alludes itself,

defines itself, and determines itself in particular ways.

But in that, its textuality is other.

The text then defines itself, and describes itself

in a texture of that work of meaning which is not limited to the text itself.

Texts are always intended to convey meaning.

The use of a text makes no sense unless this principle is accepted.

The text is always hiding something.

Something of itself, something which it is not.

There is always something to be revealed, stated, or

brought to a certain visibility.

The text is visible in that it offers a narrative, discloses a world and opens

up a clearing in which sounds, ideas, rhythms and stories are made evident.

But the text also tends to hide its very textuality.

It tends to cover up its meanings and many structures.

Reading only disclose the surfaces, interpretations are required

to view its meaning, rendering its enigma to character.

Textuality has seven standards.

Cohesion types of semantic markers linking ideas,

a set of verbal sign posts to guide the reader.

Coherence, the writer's text world and

its relation to our experience of the phenomenal world depends less on the birth

markers, more on the way situations are described and sequenced.

Issues of casuality, and time in the construction of the text words.

Intentionality, the writer's manipulation of rhetorical devices,

commands, questions and so on.

The closest thing to a synonym for intentionality is aboutness.

Something exists intentionally if and only if it is about something.

While cohesion and coherence are the logic text centered,

intentionality is user centered.

A text produced normally seeks to achieve a purpose of goal, to persuade,

to instruct, to request or to inform, based on the given plan for a question.

Acceptability, it refers to the text reader's attitude to the text.

Informativity, referring to the extent to which the message of the text

is expected or unexpected, known or unknown.

Situationality, referring to the factors that make a text

relevant to a particular situation.

Intertextuality recognizes that all texts contain traces of other texts.

Writers may wish to omit echoes of certain texts,

though readers may pick up this and others that they have already read.

These standards underlie basic criteria of textuality, efficiency,

effectiveness and appropriateness.

The difference between cohesion and coherence is this.

Cohesion is a term for sticking together.

It means that the text all hangs together.

Coherence is a term for making sense.

It means that there is sense in the text.

Hence, the term coherence relations refers to the relations

between sentences that contribute to their making sense.

Cohesion and coherence relations may be distinguished in the following way.

A coherence relation is a relation among clauses or sentences,

such as elaboration, support, cause or exemplification.

There have been various attempts to classify all possible coherence relations,

but there is, as yet, no widespread agreement.

There does not exist a general feasible mechanism for

identifying coherence relations.

In contrast, cohesion relations are relations among elements in a text,

reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunction and lexical cohesion.

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